копии ДНК ВЭБ

Вирус Эпштейна—Барр и классическая лимфома Ходжкина

ОБЗОРЫ , , , , ,

В.Э. Гурцевич

ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Каширское ш., д. 24, Москва, Российская Федерация, 115478

Для переписки: Владимир Эдуардович Гурцевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор, Каширское ш., д. 24, Москва, Российская Федерация, 115478; тел.: +7(499)324-25-64; e-mail: gurvlad532@yahoo.com

Для цитирования: Гурцевич В.Э. Вирус Эпштейна—Барр и классическая лимфома Ходжкина. Клиническая онкогематология. 2016;9(2):101–14.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2016-9-2-101-114

РЕФЕРАТ

Среди онкогенных вирусов человека вирус Эпштейна—Барр (ВЭБ) обращает на себя внимание уникальными свойствами. Этот широко распространенный среди населения планеты вирус одновременно является лидером по числу ассоциированных с ним различных доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразований лимфоидного и эпителиального происхождения. Онкогенный потенциал ВЭБ связан с его способностью инфицировать и трансформировать лимфоциты человека. В тех случаях, когда взаимодействие между размножением ВЭБ, его латентным состоянием и иммунным контролем со стороны организма нарушается, создаются условия для длительной пролиферации инфицированных ВЭБ лимфоцитов и их злокачественной трансформации. По мнению ряда исследователей, молекулярные механизмы связанного с ВЭБ канцерогенеза обусловлены способностью вирусного генома стимулировать экспрессию серии продуктов, имитирующих ряд факторов роста, транскрипции и оказывающих антиапоптотическое действие. Эти кодируемые ВЭБ продукты нарушают сигнальные пути, которые регулируют различные клеточные функции гомеостаза, наделяя клетку способностью к неограниченной пролиферации. Тем не менее точный механизм, с помощью которого ВЭБ инициирует онкогенез, остается не до конца выясненным. В обзоре приводится обобщающая информация о структуре и онкогенном потенциале ВЭБ, морфологических и клинических вариантах лимфомы Ходжкина (ЛХ), а также роли ВЭБ в патогенезе связанных с этим вирусом вариантов ЛХ. Кроме того, в обзоре освещены последние данные об использовании уровня вирусной ДНК ВЭБ в плазме больных ЛХ в качестве биомаркера, отражающего эффективность проведенного лечения и прогноз болезни.

Ключевые слова: вирус Эпштейна—Барр, ВЭБ, латентный мембранный белок 1, LMP1, лимфома Ходжкина, копии ДНК ВЭБ.

Получено: 5 февраля 2016 г.

Принято в печать: 8 февраля 2016 г.

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