общая выживаемость

Множественная миелома (лечение первичных больных): обзор литературы и собственные данные. Часть II

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , , , , , , ,

С.С. Бессмельцев

ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства», Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

В последние десятилетия в результате широкого применения аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аутоТГСК) и новых, весьма эффективных лекарственных средств существенно улучшились показатели выживаемости пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ) в возрасте до 65 лет (молодые пациенты). У пациентов с ММ в возрасте старше 65 лет традиционно используется комбинация мелфалана и преднизолона (MP). Внедрение новых препаратов, в частности иммуномодулирующих средств (ИМС) и ингибиторов протеасомы, значительно изменило подходы к лечению этого заболевания. У больных с впервые выявленной ММ была изучена эффективность многих двух-, трех- и четырехкомпонентных комбинаций. Установлено, что достижение полной ремиссии (ПР) служит независимым предиктором длительной выживаемости (ВБП, ОВ). Результаты проведенных проспективных исследований свидетельствуют о том, что для достижения высокого значения ПР и увеличения ее продолжительности необходимо индукционное лечение с использованием трехкомпонентных режимов, содержащих бортезомиб или иммуномодуляторы, с последующей аутоТГСК, консолидацией/поддерживающей терапией ИМС или ингибиторами протеасомы. В преобладающем большинстве случаев пожилые пациенты не являются кандидатами на аутоТГСК. Внедрение в лечебную практику новых препаратов — талидомида, бортезомиба, леналидомида — значительно улучшило результаты лечения этих больных. Программы MP + талидомид (MPT), MP + бортезомиб (VMP) и MP + леналидомид с последующей поддерживающей терапией леналидомидом (MPR-R) в настоящее время рассматриваются в качестве новых стандартов лечения пожилых пациентов с ММ. Прогноз ММ зависит от множества факторов, которые следует учитывать до начала терапии. В обзоре представлены современные подходы к ведению пациентов с впервые выявленной ММ, основанные на проводимых в настоящее время исследованиях, цель которых заключается в оптимизации результатов лечения.

Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, бортезомиб, талидомид, леналидомид, лечение, полная ремиссия, общая выживаемость, нейропатия, аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.

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Международный прогностический индекс при распространенных стадиях лимфомы Ходжкина в условиях современной терапии

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , , , , , ,

К.Д. Капланов1, А.Л. Шипаева1, В.А. Васильева1, Э.Г. Гемджян2, И.В. Матвеева1, Л.С. Трегубова1, Т.Ю. Клиточенко1, К.В. Демиденко1, О.Б. Калашникова1, Г.Ю. Выскуб1, О.Е. Голубева1, О.В. Левина1, В.А. Орлов1, Е.А. Демина3

1 ГБУЗ «Волгоградский областной клинический онкологический диспансер № 1», Волгоград, Российская Федерация

2 ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» МЗ РФ, Москва, Российская Федерация

3 ФГБУ «Российский онкологический центр им Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

Программа BEACOPP, включая такие интенсифицированные ее варианты, как BEACOPP-14 и ВЕАСОРР-эскалированный, применяется для лечения пациентов с распространенными стадиями лимфомы Ходжкина. Среди прогностических систем, разработанных для распространенных стадий лимфомы Ходжкина, наиболее часто используется международный прогностический индекс (МПИ), в который входит 7 факторов. В оригинальном исследовании МПИ был создан на основании данных больных, получавших MOPP и MOPP-ABVD. Появление режима BEACOPP и его модификаций могло изменить значение некоторых прогностических факторов при лимфоме Ходжкина. В нашем исследовании сделана попытка оценить прогностическое значение этих факторов у больных с распространенными стадиями лимфомы Ходжкина в условиях современного лечения.

В исследование были включены все пациенты с впервые выявленной лимфомой Ходжкина, имевшие распространенные стадии (n = 172) и получавшие лечение в отделении гематологии ГБУЗ «Волгоградский областной клинический онкологический диспансер № 1» за 7 лет (с 2003 по 2010 г.). Интенсифицированные варианты BEACOPP получило 64 (37 %) больных, BEACOPP-стандартный — 84 (49 %), ABVD — 24 (14 %).

Больные прослежены до 30.06.2012 г.

Оценены результаты терапии в группах по МПИ, а также проанализировано значение каждого из параметров МПИ в отдельности.

Наибольшие различия в общей 3- и 4-летней выживаемости отмечены между группами с МПИ 0–1 и МПИ ³ 2: для МПИ 0–1 3- и 4-летняя выживаемость равна 93 %, для группы МПИ ³ 2 3-летняя выживаемость равна 81 %, а 4-летняя — 75 % (p = 0,05). Статистически значимый отрицательный вклад в 3-летнюю общую выживаемость в этих группах внесли такие факторы МПИ, как возраст старше 45 лет (87 vs 70 % соответственно; относительный риск [ОР] 3,0; 95%-й доверительный интервал [95% ДИ] 1,7–7,0; p = 0,01) и концентрация альбумина менее 40 г/л (88 vs 79 %; ОР 2,8; 95% ДИ 1,2–6,8; p = 0,02).

Общая 3-летняя выживаемость у мужчин (n = 91) составила 80 %, у женщин (n = 81) — 88 % (p = 0,09). Не отмечено влияния на общую и свободную от неудач терапии выживаемость таких составляющих МПИ, как концентрация гемоглобина, число лимфоцитов и лейкоцитов крови и IV стадия.

Многомерный анализ также показал наибольшую значимость для общей выживаемости возраста (ОР 3,6; 95% ДИ 1,8–7,0; p = 0,001) и концентрации альбумина (ОР 2,6; 95% ДИ 1,1–6,0; p = 0,036).

Ключевые слова: лимфома Ходжкина, распространенные стадии, международный прогностический индекс (МПИ), общая выживаемость, выживаемость, свободная от неудач терапии, BEACOPP, ABVD.

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Множественная миелома: 7 лет таргетной терапии и ее результаты в Новосибирске

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , ,

 Поспелова Т.И.1,  Скворцова Н.В.1, Нечунаева И.Н. 2

1 ГБОУ «Государственный медицинский университет», Красный пр-т, д. 52, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, 630091

2 ГБУ «Городская клиническая больница № 2», Городской гематологический центр, ул. Ползунова, д. 21, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, 630051

Адрес для переписки: Наталия Валерьевна Скворцова, канд. мед. наук, доцент, Красный пр-т, д. 52, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, 630091; тел.: +8(383)279-94-06; e-mail: nata_sk78@mail.ru

Для цитирования: Поспелова Т.И., Скворцова Н.В., Нечунаева И.Н. Множественная миелома: 7 лет таргетной терапии и ее результаты в Новосибирске. Клиническая онкогематология. 2015;8(3):267–73.

РЕФЕРАТ

Цель. Оценить 7-летние результаты терапии множественной миеломы (ММ) ингибитором протеасом в Городском гематологическом центре Новосибирска.

Методы. В исследование включено 199 пациентов с ММ, наблюдавшихся в Городском гематологическом центре Новосибирска с июля 2006 г. по декабрь 2014 г. Медиана возраста составила 68 лет (диапазон 36–81 год). В первой линии терапии бортезомиб получало 98 больных, во второй — 101.

Результаты. Общая эффективность терапии первой линии составила 78,5 %, причем у 25 % пациентов достигнута полная и почти полная ремиссия. Медиана времени до достижения ответа была 72 дня. При прогрессировании или рефрактерной ММ эффективность бортезомиба в составе схем противоопухолевой терапии была 68,3 %. Бортезомиб оказался эффективен и при повторном назначении у пациентов, ранее получавших его и другие компоненты комбинированного режима (общий ответ 68,4 %). Медиана общей выживаемости не достигнута, а 7-летняя выживаемость составила 70 %. Побочные эффекты бортезомиба были предсказуемыми и контролируемыми, наиболее значимые из них: гастроинтестинальные, гематологические, астения и периферическая нейропатия.

Заключение. Бортезомиб является высокоэффективным лечебным средством, играющим важную роль в терапии ММ в качестве первой и последующих линий и приводит к достоверному улучшению показателей общей выживаемости пациентов.

Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, эффективность лечения, бортезомиб, общая выживаемость.

Получено: 16 февраля 2015 г.

Принято в печать: 28 мая 2015 г.

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