Множественная миелома (лечение первичных больных): обзор литературы и собственные данные. Часть II

С.С. Бессмельцев

ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства», Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация


РЕФЕРАТ

В последние десятилетия в результате широкого применения аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аутоТГСК) и новых, весьма эффективных лекарственных средств существенно улучшились показатели выживаемости пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ) в возрасте до 65 лет (молодые пациенты). У пациентов с ММ в возрасте старше 65 лет традиционно используется комбинация мелфалана и преднизолона (MP). Внедрение новых препаратов, в частности иммуномодулирующих средств (ИМС) и ингибиторов протеасомы, значительно изменило подходы к лечению этого заболевания. У больных с впервые выявленной ММ была изучена эффективность многих двух-, трех- и четырехкомпонентных комбинаций. Установлено, что достижение полной ремиссии (ПР) служит независимым предиктором длительной выживаемости (ВБП, ОВ). Результаты проведенных проспективных исследований свидетельствуют о том, что для достижения высокого значения ПР и увеличения ее продолжительности необходимо индукционное лечение с использованием трехкомпонентных режимов, содержащих бортезомиб или иммуномодуляторы, с последующей аутоТГСК, консолидацией/поддерживающей терапией ИМС или ингибиторами протеасомы. В преобладающем большинстве случаев пожилые пациенты не являются кандидатами на аутоТГСК. Внедрение в лечебную практику новых препаратов — талидомида, бортезомиба, леналидомида — значительно улучшило результаты лечения этих больных. Программы MP + талидомид (MPT), MP + бортезомиб (VMP) и MP + леналидомид с последующей поддерживающей терапией леналидомидом (MPR-R) в настоящее время рассматриваются в качестве новых стандартов лечения пожилых пациентов с ММ. Прогноз ММ зависит от множества факторов, которые следует учитывать до начала терапии. В обзоре представлены современные подходы к ведению пациентов с впервые выявленной ММ, основанные на проводимых в настоящее время исследованиях, цель которых заключается в оптимизации результатов лечения.


Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, бортезомиб, талидомид, леналидомид, лечение, полная ремиссия, общая выживаемость, нейропатия, аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.

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Международный прогностический индекс при распространенных стадиях лимфомы Ходжкина в условиях современной терапии

К.Д. Капланов1, А.Л. Шипаева1, В.А. Васильева1, Э.Г. Гемджян2, И.В. Матвеева1, Л.С. Трегубова1, Т.Ю. Клиточенко1, К.В. Демиденко1, О.Б. Калашникова1, Г.Ю. Выскуб1, О.Е. Голубева1, О.В. Левина1, В.А. Орлов1, Е.А. Демина3

1 ГБУЗ «Волгоградский областной клинический онкологический диспансер № 1», Волгоград, Российская Федерация

2 ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» МЗ РФ, Москва, Российская Федерация

3 ФГБУ «Российский онкологический центр им Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация


РЕФЕРАТ

Программа BEACOPP, включая такие интенсифицированные ее варианты, как BEACOPP-14 и ВЕАСОРР-эскалированный, применяется для лечения пациентов с распространенными стадиями лимфомы Ходжкина. Среди прогностических систем, разработанных для распространенных стадий лимфомы Ходжкина, наиболее часто используется международный прогностический индекс (МПИ), в который входит 7 факторов. В оригинальном исследовании МПИ был создан на основании данных больных, получавших MOPP и MOPP-ABVD. Появление режима BEACOPP и его модификаций могло изменить значение некоторых прогностических факторов при лимфоме Ходжкина. В нашем исследовании сделана попытка оценить прогностическое значение этих факторов у больных с распространенными стадиями лимфомы Ходжкина в условиях современного лечения.

В исследование были включены все пациенты с впервые выявленной лимфомой Ходжкина, имевшие распространенные стадии (n = 172) и получавшие лечение в отделении гематологии ГБУЗ «Волгоградский областной клинический онкологический диспансер № 1» за 7 лет (с 2003 по 2010 г.). Интенсифицированные варианты BEACOPP получило 64 (37 %) больных, BEACOPP-стандартный — 84 (49 %), ABVD — 24 (14 %).

Больные прослежены до 30.06.2012 г.

Оценены результаты терапии в группах по МПИ, а также проанализировано значение каждого из параметров МПИ в отдельности.

Наибольшие различия в общей 3- и 4-летней выживаемости отмечены между группами с МПИ 0–1 и МПИ ³ 2: для МПИ 0–1 3- и 4-летняя выживаемость равна 93 %, для группы МПИ ³ 2 3-летняя выживаемость равна 81 %, а 4-летняя — 75 % (= 0,05). Статистически значимый отрицательный вклад в 3-летнюю общую выживаемость в этих группах внесли такие факторы МПИ, как возраст старше 45 лет (87 vs 70 % соответственно; относительный риск [ОР] 3,0; 95%-й доверительный интервал [95% ДИ] 1,7–7,0; = 0,01) и концентрация альбумина менее 40 г/л (88 vs 79 %; ОР 2,8; 95% ДИ 1,2–6,8; = 0,02).

Общая 3-летняя выживаемость у мужчин (n = 91) составила 80 %, у женщин (n = 81) — 88 % (= 0,09). Не отмечено влияния на общую и свободную от неудач терапии выживаемость таких составляющих МПИ, как концентрация гемоглобина, число лимфоцитов и лейкоцитов крови и IV стадия.

Многомерный анализ также показал наибольшую значимость для общей выживаемости возраста (ОР 3,6; 95% ДИ 1,8–7,0; = 0,001) и концентрации альбумина (ОР 2,6; 95% ДИ 1,1–6,0; = 0,036).


Ключевые слова: лимфома Ходжкина, распространенные стадии, международный прогностический индекс (МПИ), общая выживаемость, выживаемость, свободная от неудач терапии, BEACOPP, ABVD.

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Множественная миелома: 7 лет таргетной терапии и ее результаты в Новосибирске

 Поспелова Т.И.1,  Скворцова Н.В.1, Нечунаева И.Н. 2

1 ГБОУ «Государственный медицинский университет», Красный пр-т, д. 52, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, 630091

2 ГБУ «Городская клиническая больница № 2», Городской гематологический центр, ул. Ползунова, д. 21, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, 630051

Адрес для переписки: Наталия Валерьевна Скворцова, канд. мед. наук, доцент, Красный пр-т, д. 52, Новосибирск, Российская Федерация, 630091; тел.: +8(383)279-94-06; e-mail: nata_sk78@mail.ru

Для цитирования: Поспелова Т.И., Скворцова Н.В., Нечунаева И.Н. Множественная миелома: 7 лет таргетной терапии и ее результаты в Новосибирске. Клиническая онкогематология. 2015;8(3):267–73.


РЕФЕРАТ

Цель. Оценить 7-летние результаты терапии множественной миеломы (ММ) ингибитором протеасом в Городском гематологическом центре Новосибирска.

Методы. В исследование включено 199 пациентов с ММ, наблюдавшихся в Городском гематологическом центре Новосибирска с июля 2006 г. по декабрь 2014 г. Медиана возраста составила 68 лет (диапазон 36–81 год). В первой линии терапии бортезомиб получало 98 больных, во второй — 101.

Результаты. Общая эффективность терапии первой линии составила 78,5 %, причем у 25 % пациентов достигнута полная и почти полная ремиссия. Медиана времени до достижения ответа была 72 дня. При прогрессировании или рефрактерной ММ эффективность бортезомиба в составе схем противоопухолевой терапии была 68,3 %. Бортезомиб оказался эффективен и при повторном назначении у пациентов, ранее получавших его и другие компоненты комбинированного режима (общий ответ 68,4 %). Медиана общей выживаемости не достигнута, а 7-летняя выживаемость составила 70 %. Побочные эффекты бортезомиба были предсказуемыми и контролируемыми, наиболее значимые из них: гастроинтестинальные, гематологические, астения и периферическая нейропатия.

Заключение. Бортезомиб является высокоэффективным лечебным средством, играющим важную роль в терапии ММ в качестве первой и последующих линий и приводит к достоверному улучшению показателей общей выживаемости пациентов.


Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, эффективность лечения, бортезомиб, общая выживаемость.

Получено: 16 февраля 2015 г.

Принято в печать: 28 мая 2015 г.

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