полная ремиссия

Клиническая эффективность даратумумаба в монотерапии рецидивов и рефрактерной множественной миеломы

ЛИМФОИДНЫЕ ОПУХОЛИ , , , ,

С.С. Бессмельцев1, Е.В. Карягина2, Е.Ю. Илюшкина2, Ж.Л. Столыпина2, Р.Р. Мифтахова1, И.И. Кострома1, Т.Л. Шелковская2

1 ФГБУ «Российский НИИ гематологии и трансфузиологии ФМБА», ул. 2-я Советская, д. 16, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 191024

2 ГБУЗ «Городская больница № 15», ул. Авангардная, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 198205

Для переписки: Станислав Семенович Бессмельцев, д-р мед. наук, профессор, ул. 2-я Советская, д. 16, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 191024; тел.: +7(812)717-67-80, +7(911)228-18-01; e-mail: bsshem@hotmail.com, bessmeltsev@yandex.ru

Для цитирования: Бессмельцев С.С., Карягина Е.В., Илюшкина Е.Ю. и др. Клиническая эффективность даратумумаба в монотерапии рецидивов и рефрактерной множественной миеломы. Клиническая онкогематология. 2020;13(1):25–32.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2020-13-1-25-32

РЕФЕРАТ

Актуальность. Даратумумаб — гуманизированное моноклональное антитело IgG1-κ, направленное против антигена CD38. Он оказывает прямое воздействие на опухоль и обладает иммуномодулирующим механизмом действия.

Цель. Оценить эффективность даратумумаба в монорежиме у больных с прогрессированием, рецидивами и рефрактерной множественной миеломой (ММ), выяснить степень токсичности и безопасности препарата.

Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 10 больных ММ (3 мужчины и 7 женщин) в возрасте 51–74 года (медиана 57 лет). У всех больных установлена III стадия заболевания (по Durie—Salmon), при этом у 2 — IIIВ стадия с клиренсом креатинина менее 30 мл/мин. Согласно критериям ISS (международной системы стадирования), у 6 больных установлена II стадия, у 4 — III стадия. Все пациенты ранее получали бортезомиб и леналидомид, с развитием двойной рефрактерности у 4 из 10 больных. По 1 больному ранее получали бендамустин и карфилзомиб в комбинированных схемах. Число линий предшествующей терапии колебалось от 3 до 6 (медиана 5).

Результаты. Общий ответ составил 50 %, включая 2 (20 %) пациентов, у которых достигнута очень хорошая частичная ремиссия. У 1 (10 %) больного получена полная ремиссия. При периоде наблюдения 6–32 мес. (медиана 15 мес.) медиана общей выживаемости не достигнута. Медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования составила 17,8 мес. Даратумумаб обладает благоприятным профилем безопасности. У 20 % больных наблюдались инфузионно-зависимые реакции I–II степени тяжести. Среди других нежелательных явлений следует отметить слабость (30 %), тошноту (10 %), головную боль (10 %), снижение аппетита (10 %), тромбоцитопению (20 %) и нейтропению (30 %). Серьезные осложнения не встречались.

Заключение. Лечение даратумумабом является безопасным и эффективным методом лекарственного противоопухолевого воздействия при рецидивах и рефрактерном течении ММ.

Ключевые слова: даратумумаб, множественная миелома, полная ремиссия, общий ответ, выживаемость, двойная рефрактерность.

Получено: 22 августа 2019 г.

Принято в печать: 10 декабря 2019 г.

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Множественная миелома (лечение рецидивов и рефрактерных форм): обзор литературы и собственные данные. Часть III

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , , , , , , , , , ,

С.С. Бессмельцев

ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства», Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

Использование новых подходов в лечении рецидивов/рефрактерных форм множественной миеломы (ММ) привело к существенному увеличению общей выживаемости больных, достижению качественного ответа и более длительной ремиссии по сравнению с пациентами, получавшими стандартную химиотерапию. Эти изменения связаны главным образом с применением новых препаратов: бортезомиба, талидомида, леналидомида, каждый из которых обладает выраженной противомиеломной активностью. Бортезомиб, талидомид и леналидомид используются в комбинации как с химиотерапевтическими препаратами, так и друг с другом, что существенно повышает эффективность лечения больных ММ. Однако, если больные не отвечают на бортезомиб и иммуномодуляторы, прогноз ухудшается. В настоящее время число препаратов, которые используются при ММ, достаточно большое, причем спектр их все более расширяется. Тем не менее результаты лечения больных с рецидивами/рефрактерными формами ММ не вполне удовлетворительные, что свидетельствует о трудностях разработки эффективных лекарственных средств. Появилось большое количество препаратов второго и третьего поколений, которые становятся все более доступными для клинического применения. Проводятся клинические исследования I, II и III фаз по оценке эффективности карфилзомиба, помалидомида, вориностата, панобиностата, ромидепсина, перифосина, танеспимицина, бендамустина и элотузумаба при рецидивах/рефрактерных формах ММ. В обзоре представлены современные подходы к ведению пациентов с рецидивами и рефрактерным течением ММ, основанные на результатах клинических исследований и собственных данных, целью которых было оптимизировать результаты лечения. Представлена эффективность различных классов новых лекарственных средств, обсуждены все «за» и «против», полученные в доклинических и клинических исследованиях. Подробно освещены побочные эффекты новых препаратов.

Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, рецидив, рефрактерное течение, бортезомиб, талидомид, леналидомид, карфилзомиб, помалидомид, лечение, полная ремиссия, общая выживаемость, нейропатия.

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Множественная миелома (лечение первичных больных): обзор литературы и собственные данные. Часть II

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , , , , , , ,

С.С. Бессмельцев

ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства», Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

В последние десятилетия в результате широкого применения аутологичной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аутоТГСК) и новых, весьма эффективных лекарственных средств существенно улучшились показатели выживаемости пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ) в возрасте до 65 лет (молодые пациенты). У пациентов с ММ в возрасте старше 65 лет традиционно используется комбинация мелфалана и преднизолона (MP). Внедрение новых препаратов, в частности иммуномодулирующих средств (ИМС) и ингибиторов протеасомы, значительно изменило подходы к лечению этого заболевания. У больных с впервые выявленной ММ была изучена эффективность многих двух-, трех- и четырехкомпонентных комбинаций. Установлено, что достижение полной ремиссии (ПР) служит независимым предиктором длительной выживаемости (ВБП, ОВ). Результаты проведенных проспективных исследований свидетельствуют о том, что для достижения высокого значения ПР и увеличения ее продолжительности необходимо индукционное лечение с использованием трехкомпонентных режимов, содержащих бортезомиб или иммуномодуляторы, с последующей аутоТГСК, консолидацией/поддерживающей терапией ИМС или ингибиторами протеасомы. В преобладающем большинстве случаев пожилые пациенты не являются кандидатами на аутоТГСК. Внедрение в лечебную практику новых препаратов — талидомида, бортезомиба, леналидомида — значительно улучшило результаты лечения этих больных. Программы MP + талидомид (MPT), MP + бортезомиб (VMP) и MP + леналидомид с последующей поддерживающей терапией леналидомидом (MPR-R) в настоящее время рассматриваются в качестве новых стандартов лечения пожилых пациентов с ММ. Прогноз ММ зависит от множества факторов, которые следует учитывать до начала терапии. В обзоре представлены современные подходы к ведению пациентов с впервые выявленной ММ, основанные на проводимых в настоящее время исследованиях, цель которых заключается в оптимизации результатов лечения.

Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, бортезомиб, талидомид, леналидомид, лечение, полная ремиссия, общая выживаемость, нейропатия, аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.

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