препараты железа

Анемии и дефицит железа у онкологических больных

АНЕМИИ , , , , , ,

В.В. Птушкин

ФГБУ «ФНКЦ Детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздравсоцразвития, Москва, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

Многочисленные исследования последних лет показали, что анемии являются частым осложнением онкологических заболеваний, и особенно при проведении химиотерапии. Снижение содержания гемоглобина в крови сопровождается слабостью, уменьшением толерантности к физической и умственной нагрузкам с закономерным ухудшением качества жизни. Кроме того, анемия ассоциируется с ухудшением показателей выживаемости онкологических больных. Опухолевая анемия помимо прочих механизмов может быть обусловлена продукцией провоспалительных цитокинов, обладающих негативным влиянием на различные этапы продукции эритроцитов в костном мозге, длительность их жизни и обмен железа. Применение эритропоэтинов у онкологических больных с анемией вызывает повышение уровня гемоглобина и сокращение потребности в заместительных гемотрансфузиях, однако повышает риск тромбозов. Повышение продукции провоспалительных цитокинов у онкологических пациентов снижает доступность железа для эффективного эритропоэза. В настоящем обзоре обобщены клинические последствия дефицита железа и анемии у онкологических больных, обсуждаются механизмы нарушения гомеостаза железа, а также диагностика этого состояния и его лечение. Представлены данные клинических исследований, в которых оценивается эффективность различных препаратов железа с или без сопутствующей терапии эритропоэтинами.

Ключевые слова: Анемия, рак, эритропоэтины, препараты железа, карбоксимальтозат железа, ферритин, трансферрин

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