трансплантация стволовых клеток крови

Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром в клинической практике гематолога: обзор литературы и собственные данные

РЕДКИЕ ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ И СИНДРОМЫ , , , ,

Потапенко В.Г.1,2,  Потихонова Н.А.4, Байков В.В. 2, Белогурова М.Б. 1, Лисуков И.А.3, Климович А.В. 1,Лапин  С.В. 2, Иванова М.О. 2,  Кравцова В.М.2,  Подольцева Э.И.1, Медведева Н.В. 1,  Афанасьев Б.В.2

1 СПб ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31», пр-т Динамо, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 197110

2 НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова, ул. Рентгена, д. 12, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 197022

3 Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова, ул. Кирочная, д. 41, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 191015

4 ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства», ул. 2-я Советская, д. 16, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 191024

Для переписки: Всеволод Геннадьевич Потапенко, СПб ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31», пр. Динамо, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 197110; тел.: +7(812)230-19-33; e-mail: potapenko.vsevolod@mail.ru

Для цитирования: Потапенко В.Г., Потихонова Н.А., Байков В.В. и др. Вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром у взрослых в клинической практике гематолога: обзор литературы и собственные данные. Клиническая онкогематология. 2015;8(2):169–84.

РЕФЕРАТ

Актуальность и цели. Гемофагоцитарный синдром представляет собой опасный гипервоспалительный синдром, причиной которого наиболее часто служит инфекция. Он является следствием избыточной активации клеток системы фагоцитирующих мононуклеаров, что проявляется цитопенией, системной воспалительной реакцией, повреждением печени, селезенки. В связи с редкостью заболевания, сложностью диагностики этот синдром является малоизученным и часто остается нераспознанным. Цель работы — описательный анализ собственных наблюдений вторичного гемофагоцитарного синдрома (ГФС) и представление литературного обзора.

Методы. Анализу подвергнуты клинические и лабораторные данные 15 пациентов в возрасте 16–64 года (медиана 48 лет) со вторичным ГФС, которые наблюдались с 2009 по 2013 г. Вторичные ГФС были диагностированы у больных злокачественными лимфопролиферативными и инфекционными заболеваниями. Признаки ГФС выявлены при злокачественных лимфопролиферативных заболеваниях (n = 5), хронической активной инфекции, вызванной вирусом Эпштейна—Барр (ВЭБ) (n = 3), аллогенной трансплантации стволовых клеток крови (n = 3), остром лейкозе (n = 1), множественной миеломе (n = 1), пневмонии (n = 1), гломерулонефрите (n = 1). Терапия ГФС проводилась 8 пациентам: этопозид (n = 1), глюкокортикоиды (n = 1), внутривенный иммуноглобулин (n = 2), комбинация ритуксимаба и глюкокортикоидов (n = 2), этопозида и циклоспорина А (n = 1), а также комбинированная химиотерапия по программе HLH-2004 (n = 1). Медиана наблюдения за больными составила 42 мес.

Результаты. У включенных в ретроспективный анализ 15 взрослых пациентов самыми частыми фоновыми заболеваниями при вторичном ГФС были злокачественные лимфопролиферативные заболевания и хроническая ВЭБ-инфекция. Ранняя диагностика сложна, т. к. принятые в настоящее время критерии болезни характерны для ГФС поздней стадии. Все это диктует необходимость разработки более чувствительных и универсальных диагностических критериев.

Заключение. В онкогематологической клинике вторичный ГФС является тяжелым осложнением, требующим проведения дифференциальной диагностики с другими критическими состояниями и интенсивной терапии. При ГФС, связанным с онкогематологическими заболеваниями, пациенты нуждаются в тщательном наблюдении в процессе и после окончании противоопухолевого лечения.

Ключевые слова: вторичный гемофагоцитарный синдром, лимфома, вирус Эпштейна—Барр, этопозид, трансплантация стволовых клеток крови.

Получено: 9 декабря 2014 г.

Принято в печать: 7 февраля 2015 г.

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