лимфома Беркитта

Острый миелоидный лейкоз как вторая опухоль у больного лимфомой Беркитта: обзор литературы и клиническое наблюдение

МИЕЛОИДНЫЕ ОПУХОЛИ , ,

Т.Т. Валиев1, Т.Ю. Павлова1, А.М. Ковригина2, И.Н. Серебрякова1

1 ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Каширское ш., д. 24, Москва, Российская Федерация, 115478

2 ФГБУ «НМИЦ гематологии» Минздрава России, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4, Москва, Российская Федерация, 125167

Для переписки: Тимур Теймуразович Валиев, д-р мед. наук, Каширское ш., д. 24, Москва, Российская Федерация, 115478; e-mail: timurvaliev@mail.ru

Для цитирования: Валиев Т.Т., Павлова Т.Ю., Ковригина А.М., Серебрякова И.Н. Острый миелоидный лейкоз как вторая опухоль у больного лимфомой Беркитта: обзор литературы и клиническое наблюдение. Клиническая онкогематология. 2021;14(2):167–72.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2021-14-2-167-172

РЕФЕРАТ

Применение высокоэффективных протоколов терапии опухолевых заболеваний у детей и увеличение количества излеченных пациентов привели к тому, что все большее внимание уделяется отдаленным последствиям противоопухолевого лечения. Одним из наиболее грозных осложнений терапии первого злокачественного новообразования (ЗНО) является развитие вторых ЗНО. Цитостатические препараты из группы эпиподофиллотоксинов и алкилирующих агентов способствуют развитию вторичных острых миелоидных лейкозов (ОМЛ), достаточно редких и крайне прогностически неблагоприятных вторых ЗНО. В настоящей статье представлен обзор литературы, посвященный изучению рисков возникновения вторичных гематологических ЗНО, связанных с терапией первых опухолей. Приводится описание клинического наблюдения с успешным лечением ОМЛ, развившегося после терапии лимфомы Беркитта.

Ключевые слова: вторые злокачественные опухоли, острые миелоидные лейкозы, лимфома Беркитта, дети.

Получено: 10 декабря 2020 г.

Принято в печать: 1 марта 2021 г.

Читать статью в PDF

Статистика Plumx русский

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

  1. Altekruse S, Kosary C, Krapcho M, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2007. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute; 2007.
  2. Meadows A, Friedman D, Neglia J, et al. Second neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer: findings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(14):2356–62. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.1920.
  3. Friedman DL, Whitton J, Leisenring W, et al. Subsequent neoplasms in 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010;102(14):1083–95. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djq238.
  4. O’Brien MM, Donaldson SS, Balise RR, et al. Second malignant neoplasms in survivors of pediatric Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with low-dose radiation and chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(7):1232–9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.8062.
  5. Dorffel W, Riepenhausenl M, Luders H, et al. Secondary Malignancies Following Treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Childhood and Adolescence. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(18):320–7. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0320.
  6. Bhatia S, Yasui Y, Robison L, et al. High risk of subsequent neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin’s disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(23):4386–94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.059.
  7. Pui C, Behm F, Raimondi S, et al. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia in children treated for acute lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1989;321(3):136–42. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198907203210302.
  8. Pui C. Therapy-related myeloid leukaemia. Lancet. 1990;336(8723):1130–1. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92607-j.
  9. Ratain M, Rowley J. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to inhibitors of topoisomerase II: from the bedside to the target genes. Ann Oncol. 1992;3(2):107–11. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a058121.
  10. Tallman MS, Gray R, Bennett JM, et al. Leukemogenic potential of adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(7):1557–63. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.7.1557.
  11. Hijiya N, Ness K, Ribeiro R, Hudson M. Acute leukemia as a secondary malignancy in children and adolescents: current findings and issues. Cancer. 2009;115(1):23–35. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23988.
  12. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. WHO Classification of tumours of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Revised 4th edition. Lion: IARC Press; 2017. p. 581.
  13. Verdeguer A, Ruiz JG, Ferris J, et al. Acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an intensive regimen including teniposide. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1992;20(1):48–52. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950200110.
  14. Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Sigsgaard TC, Nielsen D, et al. Acute monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia with balanced chromosome translocations to band 11q23 after therapy with 4-epi-doxorubicin and cisplatinum or cyclophosphamide for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10(9):1444–51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.9.1444.
  15. Donatini B, Krupp P. Secondary pre-leukemia and etoposide. Lancet. 1991;338(8777):1269. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92133-M.
  16. Pui CH, Ribeiro RC, Hancock ML, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in children treated with epipodophyllotoxins for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(24):1682–7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199112123252402.
  17. Ballen KK, Antin JH. Treatment of therapy related acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 1993;7(2):477–93. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8588(18)30253-3.
  18. Aguilera DG, Vaklavas C, Tsimberidou AM, et al. Pediatric Therapy-related Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009;31(11):803–11. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181ba43dc.
  19. De Witte T, Hermans J, van Biezen J, et al. Prognostic variables in bone marrow transplantation for secondary leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: a survey of the working party on leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1991;7(2):40.
  20. Larson RA. Etiology and management of therapy-related myeloid leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2007;2007(1):453–9. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2007.1.453.
  21. Xinan (Holly) Yang, Bin Wang, John M. Cunningham Identification of epigenetic modifications that contribute to pathogenesis in therapy-related AML: Effective integration of genome-wide histone modification with transcriptional profiles. BMC Med Genom. 2015;8(2):S6. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-S2-S6.
  22. Ковригина А.М. Пересмотренная классификация ВОЗ опухолей гемопоэтической и лимфоидной ткани, 2017 г. (4-е издание): миелоидные неоплазии. Архив патологии. 2018;80(6):43–9. doi: 10.17116/patol20188006143.
    [Kovrigina AM. A revised 4 edition WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 2017: myeloid neoplasms. Arkhiv patologii. 2018;80(6):43–9. doi: 10.17116/patol20188006143. (In Russ)]
  23. Itzykson R, Kosmider O, Fenaux P. Somatic mutations and epigenetic abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2013;26(4):355–64. doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.01.001.
  24. Семенова Н.Ю., Бессмельцев С.С., Ругаль В.И. Биология ниши гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Клиническая онкогематология. 2014;7(4):501–11.
    [Semenova NYu, Bessmeltsev SS, Rugal VI. Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Klinicheskaya onkogematologiya. 2014;7(4):501–11. (In Russ)]
  25. Rihani R, Bazzeh F, Faqih N, Sultan I. Secondary hematopoietic malignancies in survivors of childhood cancer: an analysis of 111 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result-9 registry. Cancer. 2010;116(18):4385–94. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25313.
  26. Nottage K, Lanktot J, Li Zh, et al. Long-term risk for subsequent leukemia after treatment for childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 2011;117(23):6315–8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-335158.
  27. Валиев Т.Т. Лимфома Беркитта у детей: 30 лет терапии. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2020;99(4):35–41.
    [Valiev TT. Burkitt’s lymphoma in children: 30 years of therapy. Zhurnal im. G.N. Speranskogo. 2020;99(4):35–41. (In Russ)]
  28. Павлова Т.Ю., Валиев Т.Т. Вторые злокачественные опухоли у лиц, перенесших онкологическое заболевание в детстве. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2020;2:12–6. doi: 10.26442/26586630.2020.2.200234.
    [Pavlova TYu, Valiev TT. Second malignant tumors in pediatric cancer survivors. Consilium Medicum. 2020;2:12–6. doi: 10.26442/26586630.2020.2.200234. (In Russ)]
  29. Lee S-S. Therapy-related Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Treatment for Burkitt’s Lymphoma. Chonnam Med J. 2017;53(3):229–30. doi: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.3.229.
  30. Ripperger T, Bielack SS, Borkhardt B, et al. Childhood cancer predisposition syndromes—A concise review and recommendations by the Cancer Predisposition Working Group of the Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2017;173(4):1017–37. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38142.

Неходжкинские лимфомы у детей: 25 лет терапии

ЛИМФОИДНЫЕ ОПУХОЛИ , , , , , ,

Т.Т. Валиев, А.В. Попа, А.С. Левашов, Е.С. Беляева, Н.С. Куличкина, Б.В. Курдюков, Р.С. Равшанова, Г.Л. Менткевич

НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Москва, Каширское ш., д. 24, Российская Федерация, 115478

Для переписки: Тимур Теймуразович Валиев, д-р мед. наук, Каширское ш., д. 24, Москва, Российская Федерация, 115478; тел.: +7(499)324-98-69; e-mail: timurvaliev@mail.ru

Для цитирования: Валиев Т.Т., Попа А.В., Левашов А.С. и др. Неходжкинские лимфомы у детей: 25 лет терапии. Клиническая онкогематология. 2016;9(4):420–37.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2016-9-4-420-437

РЕФЕРАТ

Актуальность и цели. Современные программы полихимиотерапии, в основе которых лежит дифференцированный риск-адаптированный подход, позволили рассматривать неходжкинские лимфомы (НХЛ), ранее считавшимися фатальными, как потенциально излечимые заболевания. Цель настоящей работы — обобщение и анализ результатов лечения НХЛ за 25-летний период.

Методы. В исследование включено 246 больных, проходивших лечение в отделении химиотерапии гемобластозов НИИ ДОГ ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» МЗ РФ за 25 лет: с 1.04.1991 по 1.06.2016 г. При В-клеточных НХЛ (n = 130) использовались программы B-NHL-BFM 90/95, а также модифицированная программа B-NHL-BFM 95 (включен ритуксимаб). Больным лимфобластным лейкозом (n = 75) лечение проводилось по протоколам ALL-mBFM 90/95 и ALL IC-BFM 2002. При анапластической крупноклеточной лимфоме (АККЛ) 21 больной получил лечение по протоколу B-NHL-BFM 90/95, 20 — по программе НИИ ДОГ-АККЛ-2007.

Результаты. С учетом клинико-иммунологических особенностей АККЛ авторами был разработан оригинальный протокол НИИ ДОГ-АККЛ-2007. Особое внимание уделялось возможности модификации стандартных программ лечения НХЛ из зрелых В-клеток (В-НХЛ) путем включения ритуксимаба. Показана эволюция в назначении ритуксимаба при В-НХЛ и возможность редукции общего числа блоков полихимиотерапии при поздних стадиях опухоли без снижения результатов лечения.

Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют считать, что внедрение достижений онкоиммунологии, молекулярной биологии и цитогенетики станет основой последующей модификации существующих программ терапии НХЛ.

Ключевые слова: лимфома Беркитта, диффузная В-крупноклеточная лимфома, анапластическая крупноклеточная лимфома, первичная медиастинальная (тимическая) В-крупноклеточная лимфома, Т- и В-лимфобластные лимфомы, лечение, дети.

Получено: 12 июня 2016 г.

Принято в печать: 17 июня 2016 г.

Читать статью в PDFpdficon

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

  1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th edition. Lyon: IARC Press; 2008. pp. 439.
  2. Burkhardt B, Zimmermann M, Oschlies I, et al. The impact of age and gender on biology, clinical features and treatment outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood and adolescence. Br J Haematol. 2005;131(1):39–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2005.05735.x.
  3. Hochberg J, Waxman IM, Kelly KM, et al. Adolescent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma: state of the science. Br J Haematol. 2009;144(1):24–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2008.07393.x.
  4. Baccarani M, Corbelli G, Amadori S, et al. Adolescent and adult lymphoblastic leukemia: prognostic features outcome of therapy. А study of 293 patients. Blood. 1982;60(3):677–84.
  5. Gill PS, Meyer PR, Pavlova Z, et al. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: clinical, morphologic and immunologic findings. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4(5):737–43.
  6. Bernstein JI, Coleman CN, Strickler JG, et al. Combined modality therapy for adult with small noncleaved cell lymphoma (Burkitt and Burkitt-like type). J Clin Oncol. 1986;4(6):847–58.
  7. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Tiemann M, et al. Improved treatment results in childhood B-cell neoplasms with tailored intensification of therapy: a report of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Group Trial NHL-BFM-90. Blood. 1999;94(10):3294–306.
  8. Patte C, J. Michon, Frappaz D, et al. Therapy of Burkitt and other B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma: experience with the LMB protocols of the SFOP (French Paediatric Oncology Society) in children and adults. Bail Clin Haematol. 1994;7(2):339–48. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3536(05)80206-
  9. Patte C, Philip T, Rodary C, et al. High survival rate in advanced-stage B-cell lymphomas and leukemias without CNS involvement with a short intensive polychemotherapy: results from the French Pediatric Oncology Society of a randomized trial of 216 children. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9(1):123–32.
  10. Sun XF, Su YS, Liu DG, et al. Comparing CHOP, CHOP+HD-MTX, and BFM-90 regimens in the survival rate of children and adolescents with B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ai Zheng. 2004;23(8):933–8.
  11. Muller J, Csoka M, Jakab Z, et al. Hungarian experience with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in childhood. Magy Onkol. 2006;50(3):253–9.
  12. Cairo MS, Sposto R, Gerrard M, et al. Advanced stage, increased lactate dehydrogenase, and primary site, but not adolescent age (³ 15 years), are associated with an increased risk of treatment failure in children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of the FAB LMB 96 study. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(4):387–93. doi: 10.1200/jco.2010.33.3369.
  13. Schwenn M, Blattner S, Lynch E, et al. HiC-COM: a 2-month intensive chemotherapy regimen for children with stage III and IV Burkitt’s lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9(1):133–8.
  14. Bowman WP, Shuster JJ, Cook B, et al. Improved survival for children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and stage IV small noncleaved-cell lymphoma: a pediatric oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(4):1252–61.
  15. Magrath I, Adde M, Shad A, et al. Adults and children with small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma have similar excellent outcome when treated with the same chemotherapy regimen. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(3):925–34.
  16. Atra A, Gerrard M, Hobson R, et al. Improved cure rate in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and IV stage B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma – results of the UKCCSG 9003 protocol. Br J Cancer. 1998;77(12):2281–5. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.379.
  17. Burkhardt B, Oschlies I, Klapper W, et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in adolescents: experiences in 378 adolescent NHL patients treated according to pediatric NHL-BFM protocols. Leukemia. 2011;25(1):153–60. doi: 10.1038/leu.2010.245.
  18. Patte C, Auperin A, Michon J, et al. The Societe Francaise d’Oncologie Pediatrique LMB89 protocol: highly effective multiagent chemotherapy tailored to the tumor burden and initial response in 561 unselected children with B-cell lymphomas and L3 leukemia. Blood. 2001;97(11):3370–9. doi: 10.1182/blood.v97.11.3370.
  19. Patte C, Auperin A, Gerrard M, et al. Results of the randomized international FAB/LMB96 trial for intermediate risk B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: it is possible to reduce treatment for the early responding patients. Blood. 2007;109(7):2773–80. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-
  20. Laver JH, Kraveka JM, Hutchison RE, et al. Advanced-stage large-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents: results of a randomized trial incorporating intermediate-dose methotrexate and high-dose cytarabine in the maintenance phase of the APO regimen: a Pediatric Oncology Group phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(3):541–7. doi: 10.1200/jco.2005.11.075.
  21. Woessmann W, Seidemann K, Mann G.et al. The impact of the methotrexate administration schedule and dose in the treatment of children and adolescents with B-cell neoplasms: a report of the BFM Group Study NHL-BFM95. Blood. 2005;105(3):948–58. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-
  22. Gerrard M, Cairo MS, Weston C, et al. Excellent survival following two courses of COPAD chemotherapy. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(6):840–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2008.07144.x.
  23. Seidemann K, Tiemann M, Lauterbach I, et al. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis in pediatric and adolescent patients: treatment and results from three therapeutic studies of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(9):1782–19. doi: 10.1200/jco.2003.08.151.
  24. Akbayram S, Dogan M, Akgun C, et al. Use of rituximab in three children with relapsed/refractory Burkitt lymphoma. Target Oncol. 2010;5(4):291–4. doi: 10.1007/s11523-010-0161-
  25. Okur VF, Oguz A, Karadeniz C, et al. Refractoriness to rituximab monotherapy in a child with relapsed/refractory Burkitt non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;23(1):25–31. doi: 10.1080/08880010500313298.
  26. Holmberg LA, Maloney D, Bensinger W. Immunotherapy with rituximab/interleukin-2 after autologous stem cell transplantation as treatment for CD20+ non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin Lymph Myel. 2006;7(2):135–9. doi: 10.3816/clm.2006.n.051.
  27. Cooney-Qualter E, Krailo M, Angiolillo A.et al. A Phase I Study of 90Yttrium-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan in Children and Adolescents with Relapsed/Refractory CD20-Positive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Children’s Oncology Group study. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(Suppl 18):5652–60. doi: 10.1158/1078-ccr-07-1060.
  28. Richard H, Termuhlen A, Smith L, et al. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with refractory or relapsed lymphoma: results of Children’s Oncology Group Study A5962. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2011;17(2):249–58. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.07.002.
  29. Pinkel D, Johnson W, Aur RJ. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children. Br J Cancer. 1975;2:298–23.
  30. Wollner N, Exelby PR, Lieberman PH. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children: a progress report on the original patients treated with the LSA2-L2 protocol. Cancer. 1979;44(6):1990–9. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197912)44:6<1990::aid-cncr2820440605>3.0.co;2-
  31. Asselin BL, Devidas M, Wang C, et al. Effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a randomized study by the Children’s Oncology Group (POG 9404). Blood. 2011;118(4):874–83. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-
  32. Wiernik P, Goldman J, Dutcher J. Neoplastic disease of the blood. Cambridge; 1216 p.
  33. Tubergen D, Krailo M, Meadows A, et al. Comparison of treatment regimens for pediatric lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a Children’s Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol Leuk. 1999;13(3):335–42.
  34. Amylon MD, Shuster J, Pullen J, et al. Intensive high-dose asparaginase consolidation improves survival for pediatric patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced stage lymphoblastic lymphoma; Pediatr Oncol Group study. Leukemia. 1999;13(3):335–42. doi: 1038/sj.leu.2401310.
  35. Patte C, Philip T, Rodary C, et al. Improved survival rate in children with stage III-IV B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia using multiagent chemotherapy: results of a study of 114 children from the French Pediatric Oncology Society. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4(8):1219–26.
  36. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Ludwig WD, et al. Favorable outcome of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood: a report of three consecutive studies of the BFM group. Blood. 1992;80(10):2471–8.
  37. Reiter A, Schrappe M, Parwaresch R, et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of childhood and adolescence: results of a treatment stratified for biologic subtypes and stage – a report of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Group. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(2):359–72.
  38. Nachman J, Sather HN, Cherlow JM, et al. Response of children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with and without cranial irradiation: a report from the Children’s Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(3):920–30.
  39. Tang JY, Xue HL, Chen J, et al. Multi-center trial based on SCMC-ALL-2005 for children’s acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2013;51(7):495–501.
  40. Tallen G, Ratei R, Mann G, et al. Long-term outcome in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia after time-point and site-of-relapse stratification and intensified short-course multidrug chemotherapy: results of trial ALL-REZ BFM 90. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(14):2339–47. doi: 10.1200/jco.2009.25.1983.
  41. Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Linda SB, et al. Pilot study of nelarabine in combination with intensive chemotherapy in high-risk T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(22):2753–9. doi: 10.1200/jco.2011.40.8724.
  42. Lambe CU, Averett DR, Paff MT, et al. 2-Amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside: an agent for T-cell malignancies. Cancer Res. 1995;55(15):3352–6.
  43. Cooper TM, Razzouk BI, Gerbing R, et al. Phase I/II trial of clofarabine and cytarabine in children with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AAML0523): a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(7):1141–7. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24398.
  44. Schroeder H, Garwicz S, Kristinsson J, et al. Outcome after first relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a population-based study of 315 patients from the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO). Med Pediatr Oncol. 1995;25(5):372–8. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950250503.
  45. Rosenwald A, Wright G, Leroy K, et al. Molecular diagnosis of primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma identifies a clinically favourable subgroup of diffuse large B cell lymphoma related to Hodgkin lymphoma. J Exp Med. 2003;198(6):851–62. doi: 10.1084/jem.20031074.
  46. Borgmann A, von Stackelberg A, Hartmann R, et al. Unrelated donor stem cell transplantation compared with chemotherapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a second remission: a matched-pair analysis. 2003;101(10):3835–9. doi: 10.1182/blood.v101.10.3835.
  47. Wheeler K, Richards S, Bailey C, et al. Comparison of bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the MRC UKALL X experience. Medical Research Council Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1998;101(1):94–103. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00676.x.
  48. Stein H, Mason DY, Gerdes J, et al. The expression of Hodgkin’s disease associated antigen Ki-1 in reactive and neoplasic lymphoid tissue: evidence that Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytic malignancies are derived from avtivated lymphoid cells. Blood. 1985;66(4):848–58.
  49. Ferreri AJ, Govi S, Pileri SA, Savage KJ. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-negative. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;85(2):206–15. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.06.004.
  50. Sibon D, Fournier M, Briere J, et al. Prognostic Factors and Long Term Outcome of 138 Adults with Systemic Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: a Retrospective Study by the Groupe d’Etude Des Lymphomes De l’Adulte (GELA). Blood. 2010;116: Abstract 322.
  51. Park SJ, Kim S, Lee DH, et al. Primary Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Korean Adults: 11 Years’ Experience at Asan Medical Center. Yonsei Med J. 2008;49(4):601–9. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2008.49.4.601.
  52. Wang YF, Yang YL, Gao ZF, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma in Chinese patients. J Hematol Oncol. 2012;5(1):38. doi: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-38.
  53. Amin HM, Lai R. Pathobiology of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2007;110(7):2259–67. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-04-060715.
  54. Moreno L, Garzon L, Bautista FJ, et al. Diagnosis of paediatric anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a historical perspective from a single institution. Clin Transl Oncol. 2009;11(5):318–21. doi: 10.1007/s12094-009-0360-
  55. Le Deley MC, Reiter A, Williams D, et al. Prognostic factors in childhood anaplastic large cell lymphoma: results of a large European intergroup study. Blood. 2008;111(3):1560–6. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-
  56. Pillon M, Gregucci F, Lombardi A, et al. Results of AIEOP LNH-97 protocol for the treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma of childhood. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;59(5):828–33. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24125.
  57. Gascoyne RD, Aoun P, Wu D, et al. Prognostic significance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression in adults with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood. 1999;93(11):3913–21.
  58. Savage KJ, Harris NL, Vose JM, et al. ALK- anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is clinically and immunophenotypically different from both ALK+ALCL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: report from the International Peripheral Tcell Lymphoma Project. Blood. 2008;111(12):5496–504. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-
  59. Abramov D, Oschlies I, Zimmermann M, et al. Expression of CD8 is associated with non-common type morphology and outcome in pediatric anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Haematologica. 2013;98(10):1547–53. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2013.085837.
  60. Damm-Welk C, Mussolin L, Zimmermann M, et al. Early assessment of minimal residual disease identifies patients at very high relapse risk in NPM-ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2014;123(3):334–7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-09-
  61. Bonvini P, Gastaldi T, Falini B, et al. Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), a novel Hsp90-client tyrosine kinase: down-regulation of NPM-ALK expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in ALK+ CD30+ lymphoma cells by Hsp90 antagonist 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin. Cancer Res. 2002;62(5):1559–66.
  62. Ergin M, Denning MF, Izban KF, et al. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma with NPM-ALK (p80) fusion protein. Exp Hematol. 2001;29(9):1082–90. doi: 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00688-
  63. Han Y, Amin HM, Franko B, et al. Loss of SHP1 enhances JAK3/STAT3 signaling and decreases proteasome degradation of JAK3 and NPM-ALK in ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2006;108(8):2796–803. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-
  64. Ogura M, Tobinai K, Hatake K, et al. Phase I/II study of brentuximab vedotin in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive Hodgkin’s lymphoma or systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci. 2014;105(7):840–6. doi: 10.1111/cas.12435.
  65. Mosse YP, Lim MS, Voss SD, et al. Safety and activity of crizotinib for paediatric patients with refractory solid tumours or anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a Children’s Oncology Group phase 1 consortium study. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(6):472–80. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70095-
  66. Brugieres L, Le Deley MC, Rosolen A, et al. Impact of the methotrexate administration dose on the need for intrathecal treatment in children and adolescents with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a results of a randomized trial of the EICNHL Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(6):897–903. doi: 10.1200/jco.2008.18.1487.
  67. Seidemann K, Tiemann M, Schrappe M, et al. Short-pulse B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma-type chemotherapy is efficacious treatment for pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a report of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Group Trial NHL-BFM 90. Blood. 2001;97(12):3699–706. doi: 10.1182/blood.v97.12.3699.
  68. Woessmann W, Zimmermann M, Lenhard M, et al. Relapsed or refractory anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents after Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster (BFM)-type first-line therapy: a BFM-group study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(22):3065–71. doi: 10.1200/jco.2011.34.8417.
  69. Goldberg JD, Casulo C, Horwitz The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. In: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Springer; 2013. pp. 279–93. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5851-7_16.
  70. Giulino-Roth L, Ricafort R, Kernan NA, et al. Ten-year follow-up of pediatric patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(12):2018–24. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24722.
  71. Woessmann W, Peters C, Lenhard M. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma of children and adolescents – a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster group report. Br J Haematol. 2006;133(2):176–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06004.x.
  72. Mori T, Takimoto T, Katano N, et al. Recurrent childhood anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of registered cases in Japan. Br J Haematol. 2006;132(5):594–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2005.05910.x.
  73. Луговская С.А., Почтарь М.Е., Тупицын Н.Н. Иммунофенотипирование в диагностике гемобластозов. М.: Триада, 2005. 165 с.
    [Lugovskaya SA, Pochtar’ ME, Tupitsyn NN. Immunofenotipirovanie v diagnostike gemoblastozov. (Immunophenotyping in diagnosis of hemoblastoses.) Moscow: Triada Publ.; 2005. 165 p. (In Russ)]
  74. Курильников А.Я. Мабтера — первые моноклональные антитела в терапии неходжкинских лимфом. Современная онкология. 2002;4(1):25–8.
    [Kuril’nikov AYa. Mabtera: first monoclonal antibodies in therapy of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Sovremennaya onkologiya. 2002;4(1):25–8. (In Russ)]
  75. Reff M, Carner C, Chambers K, et al. Depletion of B-cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood. 1994;83(2):435–45.
  76. Okur FV, Oguz A, Karadeniz C, et al. Refractoriness to rituximab monotherapy in a child with relapsed/refractory Burkitt non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;23(1):25–31. doi: 10.1080/08880010500313298.
  77. Marcus R, Hagenbeek A. The therapeutic use of rituximab in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Eur J Haematol. 2007;78(s67):5–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2006.00789.x.
  78. Plosker GL, Figgitt DP. Rituximab. Drugs. 2003;63(8):803–43. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363080-
  79. Михайлова Н.Б. Роль ритуксимаба в лечении неходжкинских лимфом (реферативный обзор рандомизированных клинических исследований). Современная онкология. 2009;11(3):28–31.
    [Mikhailova NB. Role of rituximab in treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (abstract review of randomized clinical trials). Sovremennaya onkologiya. 2009;11(3):28–31. (In Russ)]
  80. Li X, Liu Z, Cao J, et al. Rituximab in combination with CHOP chemotherapy for the treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in China: a 10-year retrospective follow-up analysis of 437 cases from Shanghai Lymphoma Research Group. Ann Hematol. 2012;91(6):837–45. doi: 10.1007/s00277-011-1375-
  81. Thomas DA, Faderl S, O’Brien S, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with hyper-CVAD plus rituximab for the treatment of adult Burkitt and Burkitt-type lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 2006;106(7):1569–80. doi: 10.1002/cncr.21776.
  82. Fayad L, Thomas D, Romaguera J. Update of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with hyper-CVAD and rituximab for the treatment of mantle cell and Burkitt-type lymphomas. Clin Lymph Myel. 2007;8(2):57–62. doi: 10.3816/clm.2007.s.034.
  83. Meinhardt A, Burkhardt B, Zimmermann M, et al. Phase II Window Study on Rituximab in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Burkitt Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(19):3115–21. doi: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.6791.
  84. Bilic E, Femenic R, Conja J, et al. CD20-positive childhood B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma: morphology, immunophenotype and a novel treatment approach: a single center experience. Coll Antropol. 2010;34(1):171–5.
  85. Смирнова Н.В., Мякова Н.В., Белогурова М.Б. и др. Лечение зрелоклеточных В-клеточных неходжкинских лимфом с использованием комбинированной иммунохимиотерапии: возможности оптимизации терапевтической стратегии. Онкогематология. 2015;10(4):15–24. doi: 10.17650/1818-8346-2015-10-4-15-24.
    [Smirnova NV, Myakova NV, Belogurova MB, et al. Treatment of B-cells non-Hodgkin lymphomas with combined immunochemotherapy: ability to treatment optimization. Oncohematology. 2015;10(4):15–24. doi: 10.17650/1818-8346-2015-10-4-15-24. (In Russ)]
  86. Miyamoto KI, Kobayashi Y, Maeshima AM, et al. Clinicopathological prognostic factors of 24 patients with B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Int J Hematol. 2016;103(6):693–702. doi: 1007/s12185-016-1989-z.
  87. Gerrard M, Cairo MS, Weston C, et al. Excellent survival following two courses of COPAD chemotherapy. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(6):840–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2008.07144.x.
  88. Patte C, Auperin A, Gerrard M, et al. Results of the randomized international FAB/LMB96 trial for intermediate risk B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: it is possible to reduce treatment for the early responding patients. Blood. 2007;109(7):2773–80. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-
  89. Stary J, Zimmermann M, Campbell M, et al. Intensive chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of the randomized intercontinental trial ALL IC-BFM 2002. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(3):174–84. doi: 10.1200/jco.2013.48.6522.

 

Оптимизация диагностики и лечения лимфомы Беркитта у детей, подростков и молодых взрослых

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , , , , ,

Т.Т. Валиев1, Е.А. Барях2, П.А. Зейналова3, А.М. Ковригина2, С.К. Кравченко2, Т.Н. Обухова2, Н.А. Фалалеева3, А.И. Сендерович3, И.Н. Серебрякова3, И.В. Каминская1, А.C. Левашов1, Г.Л. Менткевич1

1 НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация

2 ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» МЗ РФ, Москва, Российская Федерация

3 НИИ клинической онкологии ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

В работе представлен и обобщен опыт ведущих российских онкогематологических клиник. В статье приводятся иммуноморфологические и цитогенетические критерии диагностики лимфомы Беркитта (ЛБ) у детей, подростков и молодых взрослых. Описаны клинические особенности ЛБ в разных возрастных группах. Освещены вопросы лечения ЛБ по современным программами B-NHL-BFM 90/95 и CODOX-M/IVAC. Приводятся результаты лечения по оригинальному отечественному протоколу ЛБ-М-04. Обсуждается место ритуксимаба в терапии ЛБ.

Ключевые слова: лимфома Беркитта, дети, подростки, молодые взрослые, клиника, диагностика, лечение

Читать статью в PDFpdficon

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

  1. Kasili E.G. Paediatric malignancy in tropical Africa — a growing concern. East. Afr. Med. J. 1986; 63: 685–6.
  2. Thomas D., Cortes J., O’Brien S. et al. Hyper-CVAD program in Burkitt’s type adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 1999; 17(8): 2461–70.
  3. Ferry J.A. Burkitt’s Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic Features and Differential Diagnosis. Oncologist 2006; 11: 375–83.
  4. Swerdlow S.H., Campo E., Lee H.N. et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoetic and Lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. Lyon: IARC Press, 2008: 439.
  5. Agugua N.E., Okeahialam T. Malignant diseases of childhood seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. East. Afr. Med. J. 1986; 63: 717–23.
  6. Oguonu T., Emodi E., Kaine W. Epidemiologie of Burkitt’s lymphoma in Enugu, Nigeria. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 2002; 22: 369–74.
  7. Amusa Y.B., Adediran I.A., Akinpelu V.O. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma of the head and neck region in a Nigeria tertiary hospital. East. Afr. J. Med. 2005; 24(3): 139–42.
  8. Kittivorapart J., Chinthammitr Y. Incidence and risk factors of bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2011; 94(Suppl. 1): S239–45.
  9. Барях Е.А., Кравченко С.К., Обухова Т.Н. и др. Лимфома Беркитта: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Клин. онкогематол. 2009; 2(2): 137–46. [Baryakh Ye.A., Kravchenko S.K., Obukhova T.N., et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, management. Klin. onkogematol. 2009; 2(2): 137–47. (In Russ.)].
  10. Blum K.A., Lozansky G., Byrd J. Adult Burkitt’s leukemia and lymphoma. Blood 2004; 20: 32–7.
  11. Braziel R.M., Arber D.A., Slovac M.L. et al. The Burkitt-like lymphoma: a Southwest Oncologie Group study delineating phenotypic, genotypic and clinical features. Blood 2001; 97(12): 3713–20.
  12. Martinez-Maza O., Breen E.C. B-cell activation and lymphoma in patients with HIV. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 2002; 14: 528–32.
  13. Magrath I.T. Malignant Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Children. Pediatr. Oncol. 2002; 119: 661–705.
  14. Zeigler J. Burkitt’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1981; 305: 735–45.
  15. Kelly G., Bell A., Rickinson A. Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt lymphoma genesis selects for down-regulation of the nuclear antigen EBNA2. Nat. Med. 2002; 8(10): 1098–104.
  16. Гурцевич В.Э. Роль вируса Эпштейна—Барр в онкогематологиче- ских заболеваниях человека. Клин. онкогематол. 2010; 3(3): 222–35. [Gurtsevich V.E. Role of Epstein—Barr virus in human hematological malignancies. Klin. onkogematol. 2010; 3(3): 222–35. (In Russ.)].
  17. Magrath I. Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma. Br. J. Haematol. 2012; 156(6): 744–56.
  18. Croce C. Role of chromosome translocations in human neoplasia. Cell 1987; 49(2): 155–6.
  19. Zech L., Haglund U., Nilsson K., Klein G. Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in biopsies and lymphoid-cell lines from patients with Butkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas. Int. J. Cancer 1976; 17: 47–56.
  20. Обухова Т.Н., Барях Е.А., Капланская И.Б. и др. Выявление диагности- ческих для лимфомы Беркитта транслокаций методом флюоресцентной in situ гибридизации на гистологических срезах парафиновых блоков. Тер. арх. 2007; 79(7): 80–3. [Obukhova T.N., Baryakh Ye.A., Kaplanskaya I.B., et al. Detection of translocations typical for Burkitt’s lymphoma using fluorescent hydrydization in situ in histological slices from paraffin blocks. Ter. arkh. 2007; 79(7): 80–3. (In Russ.)]
  21. Green T.M., Nielsen O., de Stricker K. et al. High levels of nuclear MYC protein predict the presence of MYC rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2012; 36(4): 612–9.
  22. Ben-Neriah S., Woods R., Steidl C. et al. Lymphomas with concurrent BCL2 and MYC translocations: the critical factors associated with survival. Blood 2009; 114: 2273–9.
  23. Tagawa H., Ikeda S., Sawada K. Role of microRNA in the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma. Cancer Sci. 2013; 10; 121–6.
  24. Mead G.M., Sydes M.R., Walewski J. et al. An international evaluation of CODOX-M and CODOX-M alternating with IVAC in adult Burkitt’s lymphoma: results of United Kingdom Lymphoma Group LY06 study. Ann. Oncol. 2002; 13(8): 1264–74.
  25. Costa L.J., Xavier A.C., Wahlquist A.E. еt al. Trends in survival of patients with Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia in the USA: an analysis of 3691 cases. Blood 2013; 121(24): 4861–6.
  26. Fayad L., Thomas D., Romaguera J. Update of the M.D.Anderson Cancer Center experience with hyper-CVAD and rituximab for the treatment of mantle cell and Burkitt-type lymphomas. Clin. Lymph. Myel. 2007; 8(2): 57–62.
  27. Rizzieri D.A., Johnson J.L., Byrd J.C. et al. Efficacy and toxicity of rituximab and brief duration, high intensity chemotherapy with filgrastim support for Burkitt or Burkitt-like leukemia/lymphoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Study 10002 (abstract). Blood 2010; 116: Abstract 858.
  28. Dunleavy K., Pittaluga S., Wayne A.S. et al. MYC+ aggressive B-cell lymphomas: A novel therapy of untreated Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and MYC+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with DA-EPOCH-R (abstract). Ann. Oncol. 2011; 22(4): Abstract 71.
  29. Griffin T.C., Weitzman S., Weinstein H. et al. A study of rituximab and ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy in children with recurrent/ refractory B-cell (CD20+) non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childrens Oncology Group. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 2009; 52: 177–81.
  30. Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению лимфопролиферативных заболеваний. Под ред. И.В. Поддубной, В.Г. Савченко. М.: Медиа Медика, 2013: 102. [Rossiyskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu limfoproliferativnykh zabolevaniy. Pod red. I.V. Poddubnoy, V.G. Savchenko (Russian clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. Ed. by: I.V. Poddubnaya, V.G. Savchenko) M.: Media Medika, 2013: 102.]
  31. Барях Е.А., Валиев Т.Т., Яцков К.В. и др. Интенсивная терапия лимфомы Беркитта: описание двух клинических случаев. Гематол. и транс- фузиол. 2007; 52(1): 41–3. [Baryakh Ye.A., Valiyev T.T., Yatskov K.V., et al. Intensive therapy for Burkitt’s lymphoma: presentation of two clinical cases. Gematol. i transfuziol. 2007; 1: 41–3. (In Russ.)].
  32. Барях Е.А., Звонков Е.Е., Кременецкая А.М. Лечение беркиттопо- добной лимфомы взрослых. Тер. арх. 2006; 7: 53. [Baryakh Ye.A., Zvonkov Ye.Ye., Kremenetskaya A.M. Management of adult Burkitt-like lymphoma. Ter. arkh. 2006; 7: 53. (In Russ.)].
  33. Rosenfeld A., Arrington D., Miller J. et al. A review of childhood and adolescent craniopharyngiomas with particular attention to hypothalamic obesity. Pediatr. Neurol. 2014; 50(1): 4–10. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
  34. Senerchia A.A., Ribeiro K.B., Rodriguez-Galindo C. Trends in incidence of primary cutaneous malignancies in children, adolescents, and young adults: A population-based study. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 2014; 61(2): 211–6. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24639. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
  35. Тур А.Ф., Тарасов О.Ф., Шабалов Н.П. и др. Детские болезни, 2-е изд. М.: Медицина, 1985. [Tur A.F., Tarasov O.F., Shabalov N.P., et al. Detskiye bolezni, 2-e izd. (Pediatric disorders. 2nd ed.) M.: Meditsina, 1985]
  36. Bleyer A., Viny A., Barr R. Cancer in 15- to 29-year-olds by primary site. Oncologist 2006; 11(6): 590–601.
  37. Bleyer A. Young adult oncology: the patients and their survival challenges. СА Cancer J. Clin. 2007; 57(4): 242–55.
  38. Wood W.A., Lee S.J. Malignant hematologic diseases in adolescents and young adults. Blood 2011; 117: 5803–15.
  39. Sandlund J.T. Should adolescents with NHL be treated as old children or young adults? Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Progr. 2007; 2007(1): 297–303.
  40. Cairo M.S., Sposto R., Gerrard M. et al. Advanced stage, increased, lactate dehydrogenase, and primary site, but not adolescent age (³ 15 years)are associated with an increased risk of treatment failure in children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma: results of FAB LMB 96 Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2012; 30(4): 387–93.
  41. Coiffier B. State-of-the-art therapeutics: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(26): 6387–93.
  42. Pfreundschuh M., Trumper L., Osterborg A. et al. CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab versus CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a randomized controlled trial by the MabThera International Trial (MinT). Lancet Oncol. 2006; 7(5): 379–91.

Эволюция взглядов на диагностику и лечение лимфомы Беркитта

КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ , , ,

Т.Т. Валиев1, Е.А. Барях2

1 НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация

2 ФГБУ «Гематологический научный центр» МЗ РФ, Москва, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

В историческом аспекте освещены вопросы диагностики и лечения наиболее агрессивной лимфоидной опухоли — лимфомы Беркитта (ЛБ). Представлены клинико-лабораторные особенности эндемического и спорадического вариантов ЛБ. Описаны возможные механизмы участия вируса Эпштейна—Барр и Plasmodium falciparum в патогенезе опухоли. Приведены основные морфологические, иммунологические и цитогенетические диагностические критерии. Рассмотрены вопросы дифференциальной диагностики с гетерогенной группой диффузных В-крупноклеточных лимфом и высокоагрессивными зрелоклеточными лимфомами из В-клеток с дополнительными аберрациями протоонкогенов («double hit» и «triple hit» лимфомы). Отдельное внимание в статье уделено вопросам терапии ЛБ и месту в ней ритуксимаба.

Ключевые слова: лимфома Беркитта, клиника, диагностика, лечение.

Читать статью в PDFpdficon

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

  1. Burkitt D. A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children. Br. J. Surg. 1958; 46: 218–23.
  2. O’Conor G.T. Malignant lymphoma in African children. A pathology entity. Cancer 1961; 14: 270–83.
  3. Young L.S., Mussay P.G. Epstein-Barr virus and oncogenesis: form latent genes to tumours. Oncogene 2003; 22: 5108–21.
  4. Gulley M.L. Molecular diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases. J. Mol. Diagn. 2001; 3: 1–10.
  5. Epstein M.A., Achong B.R., Barr Y.M. Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s lymphoma. Lancet 1964; 1: 702–3.
  6. Dorfman R.S. Childhood lymphosarcoma in St. Louis, Missouri, clinically and histologically resembling Burkitt tumor. Cancer 1965; 18: 418–30.
  7. Rappapоrt H., Braylan R. Changing concepts in the classification of malignant neoplasms of the hemopoetic system. Int. Acad. Pathol. 1975; 16: 1–19.
  8. The non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma pathologic classification project. National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage. Cancer 1982; 49: 2112–35.
  9. Lennert K., Feller A.C. Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (Based on the Updated Kiel Classification). Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992: 312.
  10. Harris N.L., Jaffe E.S., Dejbold J. et al. The World Health Organization Classification of Neoplastic Diseases of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Ann. Oncol. 1999; 10: 1419–32.
  11. Swerdlow S.H., Campo E., Harris N.L. et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoetic and Lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. Lyon: IARC Press, 2008: 439.
  12. Agugua N.E., Okeahialam T. Malignant diseases of childhood seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. East. Afr. Med. J. 1986; 63: 717–23.
  13. De The G. Epidemiologie of Burkitt’s lymphoma: evidence for a casual association with EBV. Epidemiol. Rev. 1979; 36: 692–8.
  14. Oguonu T., Emodi E., Kaine W. Epidemiologie of Burkitt’s lymphoma in Enugu, Nigeria. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 2002; 22: 369–74.
  15. Kasili E.G. Paediatric malignancy in tropical Africa — a growing concern. East. Afr. Med. J. 1986; 63: 685–6.
  16. Parkin D.M., Stiller C.A., Draper G.J. et al. The international incidence of childhood cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1988; 42: 511–20.
  17. Magrath I.T. Malignant Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Children. Pediatr. Oncol. 2002; 119: 661–705.
  18. Zeigler J. Burkitt’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1981; 305: 735–45.
  19. Shannon-Lowe C., Adland E., Bell A.I. et al. Features distinguishing EpsteinBarr virus infections of epithelial cells and B cells: viral genome expression, genome maintenance and genome amplification. J. Virol. 2009; 83: 7749–60.
  20. Richinson A. Epstein-Barr virus. Virus Res. 2002; 82: 109–13.
  21. Thorley-Lawson D.A. Epstein-Barr virus: exploiting the immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2001; 1: 75–82.
  22. Kelly G., Bell A., Rickinson A. Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt lymphoma genesis selects for down-regulation of the nuclear antigen EBNA2. Nat Med. 2002; 8(10): 1098–104.
  23. Гурцевич В.Э. Роль вируса Эпштейна—Барр в онкогематологиче- ских заболеваниях человека. Клин. онкогематол. 2010; 3(3): 222–35. [Gurtsevich V.E. Role of Epstein—Barr virus in human hematological malignancies. Klin. onkogematol. 2010; 3(3): 222–35. (In Russ.)].
  24. Bornkamm G.W. Epstein-Barr virus and the pathogenesis of Burkitt’s lymphoma: more questions than answers. Int. J. Cancer. 2009; 124(8): 1745–55.
  25. Raab-Traub N., Flynn K. The structure of the termini of the Epstein-Barr virus as a marker of clonal cellular proliferation. Cell 1986; 47: 883–9.
  26. Klein U., Klein G., Ehlin-Henriksson B. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma is a malignancy of mature B-cells expressing somatically mutated V region genes. Mol. Med. 1995; 1: 495–506.
  27. Henderson S., Rowe M., Gregory C. et al. Induction of bcl-2 expression by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 protects infected B cells from programmed cell death. Cell 1991; 65(7): 1107–15.
  28. Preudhomme C., Dervite I., Wattel E. et al. Clinical significance of p53 mutations in newly diagnosed Burkitt’s lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report of 48 cases. J. Clin. Oncol. 1995; 13: 812–20.
  29. Schoch C., Reider H., Stollman-Gibbels B. et al. 17p anomalies in lymphoid malignancies: Diagnostic and prognostic implications. Leuk. Lymphoma 1995; 17: 271–9.
  30. Mawanda O.W. Aspects of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with central nervous system Burkitt’s lymphoma in Kenya. East. Afr. Med. J. 2004; 8: 97–103.
  31. Mawanda O.W. Clinical characteristics of Burkitt’s lymphoma seen in Kenyan patients. East. Afr. Med. J. 2004; 8: 78–89.
  32. Donati D., Zhang L.P., Chene A. et al. Identification of a polyclonal B-cell activator in Plasmodium falciparum. Infect. Immun. 2004; 72: 5412–8.
  33. Chene A., Donati D., Guerreiro-Cacais A.O. et al. A molecular link between malaria and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. PLoS Pathog. 2007; 3: 80.
  34. Magrath I. Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma. Br. J. Haematol. 2012; 156(6): 744–56.
  35. Morrow R.H., Gutensohn N., Smith P.G. Epstein-Barr virus-malaria interaction models for Burkitt’s lymphoma: implications for preventive trials. Cancer Res. 1976; 36: 667–9.
  36. Amusa Y.B., Adediran I.A., Akinpelu V.O. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma of the head and neck region in a Nigeria tertiary hospital. East. Afr. J. Med. 2005; 24(3): 139–42.
  37. Blum K.A., Lozansky G., Byrd J. Adult Burkitt’s leukemia and lymphoma. Blood 2004; 20: 32–7.
  38. Warnke R., Weiss L., Chan J. et al. Atlas of Tumor Pathologie. Tumors of the Lymph Nodes and Spleen. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1999: 221–32.
  39. Kittivorapart J., Chinthammitr Y. Incidence and risk factors of bone marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2011; 94(Suppl. 1): S239–45.
  40. Ziegler J.L., Morrow R.H., Fass L. et al. Treatment of Burkitt’s lymphoma tumor with cyclophosphamide. Cancer 1970; 26(2): 474–84.
  41. Janota I. Involvement of the nervous system in malignant lymphoma in Nigeria. Br. J. Cancer 1966; 20: 47.
  42. Booth K., Burkitt D.P., Basset D.J. et al. Burkitt lymphoma in Papua, New Guinea. Br. J. Cancer 1967; 21: 657–64.
  43. Sariban E., Edwards S., Janus C. et al. Central nervous system involvement in American Burkitt’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1983; 1: 677–80.
  44. Wright D.H. Burkitt’s tumor. A post modern study of 50 cases. Br. J. Surg. 1964; 51: 245.
  45. Thomas D., Cortes J., O’Brien S. et al. Hyper-CVAD program in Burkitt’s type adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 1999; 17: 2461–70.
  46. Murphy S., Fairclough D., Hutchison R. et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in childhood: An analysis of the histology, staging and response to the treatment of 338 cases at a single institution. J. Clin. Oncol. 1989; 7: 186–93.
  47. Klumb C.E., Resende L.M., Stefanoff C.G. et al. Burkitt-like lymphoma in an infant: a case report. Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. S. Paulo. 2003; 58(1): 33–6.
  48. Hutchinson R.E., Murphy S.B., Fairclough D.L. et al. Diffuse small noncleaved cell lymphoma in children, Burritt’s versus non-Burritt’s types. Results from the Реdiatric Oncology Group and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Cancer 1989; 64: 23–8.
  49. Ferry J.A. Burkitt’s Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic Features and Differential Diagnosis. Oncologist 2006; 11: 375–83.
  50. Shad A., Magrath I. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 1997; 44: 863–90.
  51. Boerma E.G., van Imhoff G.W., Appel I.M. et al. Gender and age-related differences in Burkitt lymphoma—epidemiological and clinical data from The Netherlands. Eur. J. Cancer 2004; 40: 2781–7.
  52. Huisman T., Tschirch F., Schneider J.F. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma with bilateral cavernous sinus and mediastinal involvement in a child. Pediatr. Radiol. 2003; 33: 719–21.
  53. Braziel R.M., Arber D.A., Slovac M.L. et al. The Burkitt-like lymphoma: a Southwest Oncologie Group study delineating phenotypic, genotypic and clinical features. Blood 2001; 97(12): 3713–20.
  54. Cheung C.W., Burton C., Smith P. Central nervous system chemoprophylaxis in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: current practice in the UK. Br. J. Haematol. 2005; 13(2): 193–200.
  55. McWilliams N., Hatfield W., Jackson R. Epidemiological notes and reports on Burkitt’s lymphoma. Winchester, Virginia. Morbil. Mortal. Wkly. 1997; 46: 4674–8.
  56. Барях Е.А., Кравченко С.К., Обухова Т.Н. и др. Лимфома Беркитта: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Клин. онкогематол. 2009; 2(2): 137–47. [Baryakh Ye.A., Kravchenko S.K., Obukhova T.N et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, management. Klin. onkogematol. 2009; 2(2): 137–47. (In Russ.)].
  57. Malani A.K., Gupta C., Weigand R.T. et al. Spinal Burkitt’s lymphoma in adults. Clin. Lymph. Myel. 2006; 6(4): 333–6.
  58. Mizugami T., Mikata A., Hajikano H. et al. Primary spinal epidural Burkitt’s lymphoma. Surg. Neurol. 1987; 28(2): 158–62.
  59. Ses E., N’dri Oka D., Varlet G. et al. Medullary compression by Burkitt lymphoma. Analysis of 7 cases. Neurochirurgie 2001; 47(6): 552–6.
  60. Wilkening A., Brack M., Brandis A. et al. Unusual presentation of a primary spinal Burkitt’s lymphoma. J. Neurol. Neurochirurg. Psychiatry 2001; 70(6): 794–7.
  61. Holland J., Cada M., Ling S. et al. Melena: a rare presentation of childhood Burkitt’s lymphoma. CMAJ 2005; 173(3): 247–8.
  62. Saton S., Saito T., Akiba J. et al. Burkitt lymphoma occurring as a primary lymphomatous effusion. Rinsho Ketsueki 2000; 41(4): 329–33.
  63. Blanc S., Bertrand Y., Lorthois-Ninou S. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma revealed by a rectal tumor. Arch. Pediatr. 2002; 9(10): 1056–8.
  64. Rakoto-Ratsimba H.N., Razafimahandry H.J.C., Samison L.H. et al. A case of anal Burkitt’s lymphoma. Ann. Chir. 2003; 128(4): 265–7.
  65. Meshref M., Sassolas F., Schell M. et al. Primary cardiac Burkitt lymphoma in a child. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 2004; 42(4): 380–3.
  66. Baloglu H., Turken O., Turuncu L., Kizilkaya E. 24-year-old female with amenorhea: bilateral primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 2003; 91(2): 449–51.
  67. Grassi M., Lee A.G. Lymphomatous meningitis of the Burkitt type presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2002; 133(3): 424–5.
  68. Ardekian L., Rachmiel A., Rosen D. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma of the oral cavity in Israel. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 1999; 27(5): 294–7.
  69. Барях Е.А., Красильникова Б.Б. Поражение лицевого скелета при спорадическом варианте лимфомы Беркитта. В кн.: Редкие гематологические болезни и синдромы. Под ред. М.А. Волковой. М.: Практическая медицина, 2011: 311–9. [Baryakh Ye.A., Krasilnikova B.B. Porazheniye litsevogo skeleta pri sporadicheskom variante limfomy Berkitta. V kn.: Redkiye gematologicheskiye bolezni i sindromy. Pod red. M.A. Volkovoy (Involvement of facial skeleton in sporadic variant of Burkitt’s lymphoma. In: Rare hematological disorders and syndromes. Ed. by: M.A. Volkova). M.: Prakticheskaya meditsina, 2011: 311–9.]
  70. Banthia V., Jen A., Kacker A. Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma of the head and neck in the pediatric population. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2003; 67(1): 59–65.
  71. Bauer G.P., Volk M.S., Siddiqui S. Burkitt’s lymphoma of the parapharingeal space. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1993; 119(1): 117–20.
  72. Барях Е.А., Валиев Т.Т., Звонков Е.Е. и др. Интенсивная терапия лимфомы Беркитта: описание двух клинических случаев. Гематол. и транс- фузиол. 2007; 1: 41–3. [Baryakh Ye.A., Valiyev T.T., Zvonkov Ye.Ye. et al. Intensive therapy for Burkitt’s lymphoma: presentation of two clinical cases. Gematol. i transfuziol. 2007; 1: 41–3. (In Russ.)].
  73. Shukla N., Trippett T. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children and adolescents. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 2006; 8(5): 387–94.
  74. Evans J.A., Gribb D.M., Holland F.J. et al. Malignancies in UK in children with HIV infection acquired from mother to child transmission. Arch. Dis. Child. 1997; 76: 330–3.
  75. Subar M., Neri A., Inghirami G. et al. Frequent c-myc oncogene activation and infrequent presence of Epstein-Barr virus genome in AIDS-associated lymphoma. Blood 1988; 72: 667–71.
  76. Beral V., Petrman T., Berkelman R. et al. AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Lancet 1991; 337: 805–9.
  77. Carbone A., Gloghini A., Gaidano G. et al. AIDS-related Burkitt’s lymphoma. Morphologic and immunophenotypic study of biopsy specimens. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1995; 103: 561–7.
  78. Kasamon Y.L., Swinnen L.J. Treatment advances in adult Burkitt lymphoma and leukemia. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 2004; 16: 429–35.
  79. Knowles D.M. Etiology and pethogenesis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. 2003; 17: 785–820.
  80. Martinez-Maza O., Breen E.C. B-cell activation and lymphoma in patients with HIV. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 2002; 14: 528–32.
  81. Mbulaiteye S.M., Clarke C.A., Morton L.M. Burkitt lymphoma risk in U.S. solid organ transplant recipients. Am. J. Hematol. 2013; 88: 245.
  82. Gong J.Z., Stenzel T.T., Bennet E.R. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma arising in organ transplant recipients: a clinicopathologic study of five cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2003; 27(6): 818–27.
  83. Davi F., Delecluse H.J., Guiet P. et al. Burkitt-like lymphomas in AIDS patients: characterisation within a series of 103 human immunodeficiency virusassociated non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Burkitt’s Lymphoma Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16: 3788–95.
  84. Барях Е.А., Кравченко С.К., Кременецкая А.М. и др. Лейкоз/лимфома Беркитта: клинические особенности, диагностические критерии, терапевтическая тактика. Клин. онкогематол. 2010; 3(2): 138–43. [Baryakh Ye.A., Kravchenko S.K., Kremenetskaya A.M. et al. Burkitt’s lymphoma: clinical features, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approach. Klin. onkogematol. 2010; 3(2): 138–43. (In Russ.)].
  85. Валиев Т.Т., Морозова О.В., Попа А.В. и др. Результаты лечения лимфомы Беркитта у детей. Гематол. и трансфузиол. 2012: 57(3): 34–5. [Valiyev T.T., Morozova O.V., Popa A.V. et al. Therapeutic outcomes in childhood Burkitt’s lymphoma. Gematol. i transfuziol. 2012: 57(3): 34–5. (In Russ.)].
  86. Ковригина А.М., Пробатова Н.А. Лимфома Ходжкина и крупноклеточные лимфомы. М.: МИА, 2007: 212. [Kovrigina A.M., Probatova N.A. Limfoma Khodzhkina i krupnokletochnye limfomy (Hodgkin’s lymphoma and large-cell lymphomas). M.: MIA, 2007: 212.]
  87. Тупицын Н.Н., Шолохова Е.Н., Андреева Л.Ю. и др. Иммунодиагностика лимфом. Совр. онкол. Экстравыпуск 2002: 4–12. [Tupitsyn N.N., Sholokhova Ye.N., Andreyeva L.Yu. et al. Immunodiagnosis of lymphomas. Sovr. onkol. Ekstravypusk 2002: 4–12. (In Russ.)].
  88. Луговская С.А., Почтарь М.Е., Тупицын Н.Н. Иммунофенотипиро- вание в диагностике гемобластозов. М., 2005. [Lugovskaya S.A., Pochtar M.Ye., Tupitsyn N.N. Immunofenotipirovaniye v diagnostike gemoblastozov (Immunophenotyping in diagnosis of hematological malignancies). M., 2005.]
  89. Zech L., Haglund U., Nilsson. et al. Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in biopsies and lymphoid-cell lines from patients with Butkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas. Int. J. Cancer 1976; 17: 47–56.
  90. Croce C. Role of chromosome translocations in human neoplasia. Cell 1987; 49(2): 155–6.
  91. Showe L.C., Moore R.C., Erikson J. et al. MYC oncogene involved in a t(8;22) chromosome translocation is not altered in it’s putative regulatory regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 1987; 84(9): 2824–8.
  92. Tagawa H., Ikeda S., Sawada K. Role of microRNA in the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma. Cancer Sci. 2013; 10: 121–6.
  93. Sander S., Calado D.P., Srinivasan L. et al. Synergy between PI3K signaling and MYC in Burkitt lymphomagenesis. Cancer Cell 2012; 22(2): 167–79.
  94. Love C., Sun Z., Jima D. The genetic landscape of mutations in Burkitt lymphoma. Nat. Genet. 2012; 44(12): 1321–5.
  95. Green T.M., Nielsen O., de Stricker K. et al. High levels of nuclear MYC protein predict the presence of MYC rearrangement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2012; 36(4): 612–9.
  96. Aukema S.M., Siebert R., Schuuring E. et al. Double-hit B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2011; 117(8): 2319–31.
  97. Ben-Neriah S., Woods R., Steidl C. et al. Lymphomas with concurrent BCL2 and MYC translocations: the critical factors associated with survival. Blood 2009; 114: 2273–9.
  98. Johnson N.A., Savage K.J., Ludkovski O. et al. Lymphomas with concurrent BCL2 and MYC translocations: the critical factors associated with survival. Blood 2009; 114: 2273–9.
  99. Aukema S.M., Siebert R., Schuuring E. et al. Double-hit B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2011; 117: 2319–31.
  100. Niitsu N., Okamoto M., Miura I. et al. Clinical features and prognosis of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with t(14;18) and 8q24/c-MYC translocations. Leukemia 2009; 23: 777–83.
  101. Salaverria I., Siebert R. The gray zone between Burkitt’s lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from a genetics perspective. J. Clin. Oncol. 2011; 29: 1835–43.
  102. Snuderl M., Kolman O., Chen Y. et al. B-cell Lymphomas with Concurrent IGH-BCL2 and MYC Rearrangements Are Aggressive Neoplasms with Clinical and Pathologic Features Distinct from Burkitt Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2010; 34(3): 327–40.
  103. Tomita N. BCL2 and MYC Dual-Hit Lymphoma/Leukemia. J. Clin. Exp. Hematopathol. 2011; 51(1): 7–12.
  104. Pillai R.K., Sathanoori M., Van Oss S.B. Double-hit B-cell Lymphomas With BCL6 and MYC Translocations Are Aggressive, Frequently Extranodal Lymphomas Distinct From BCL2 Double-hit B-cell Lymphomas. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2013; 37(3): 323–32.
  105. Nakayama S., Yokote T., Iwaki K. Triple-hit B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma associated with a novel complex karyotype including t(2;3)(q21;q27), t(8;14)(q24;q32) and t(14;18)(q32;q21). Br. J. Haematol. 2013; 160(5): 569.
  106. Deibold J. Burkitt lymphoma. In: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Ed. by E. Jaffe, N. Harris et al. Washington: IARC Press, 2001: 181–4.
  107. Baccarani M., Corbelli G., Amadori S. et al. Adolescent and adult lymphoblastic leukemia: prognostic features outcome of therapy — a study of 293 patients. Blood 1982; 60: 677–84.
  108. Gill P.S., Meyer P.R., Pavlova Z. et al. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: clinical, morphologic and immunologic findings. J. Clin. Oncol. 1986; 4: 737–43.
  109. Bernstein J.I., Coleman C.N., Strickler J.G. et al. Combined modality therapy for adult with small noncleaved cell lymphoma (Burkitt and Burkitt-like type). J. Clin. Oncol. 1986; 4: 847–58.
  110. Reiter A., Schrappe M., Tiemann M. et al. Improved treatment results in childhood B-cell neoplasms with tailored intensification of therapy: a report of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Group Trial NHL-BFM-90. Blood 1999; 94(10): 3294–306.
  111. Schwenn M., Blattner S., Lynch E. et al. HiC-COM: a 2-month intensive chemotherapy regimen for children with stage III and IV Burkitt’s lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 1991; 9: 133–8.
  112. Bowman W.P., Shuster J.J., Cook B. et al. Improved survival for children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and stage IV small noncleaved-cell lymphoma: a pediatric oncology group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 1996; 14(4): 1252–61.
  113. Patte C., Philip T., Rodary C. et al. High survival rate in advanced-stage B-cell lymphomas and leukemias without CNS involvement with a short intensive polychemotherapy: results from the French Pediatric Oncology Society of a randomized trial of 216 children. J. Clin. Oncol. 1991; 9: 123–32.
  114. Patte C., Michon J., Frappaz D. et al. Therapy of Burkitt and other Bcell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma: experience with the LMB protocols of the SFOP (French Paediatric Oncology Society) in children and adults. Baillieres Clin. Haematol. 1994; 7(2): 339–48.
  115. Magrath I., Adde M., Shad A. et al. Adults and children with small noncleaved-cell lymphoma have similar excellent outcome when treated with the same chemotherapy regimen. J. Clin. Oncol. 1996; 14: 925–34.
  116. Mead G.M., Sydes M.R., Walewski J. et al. An international evaluation of CODOX-M and CODOX-M alternating with IVAC in adult Burkitt’s lymphoma: results of United Kingdom Lymphoma Group LY06 study. Ann. Oncol. 2002; 13(8): 1264–74.
  117. Барях Е.А., Кравченко С.К. Протокол терапии лимфомы Беркитта взрослых по программе ЛБ-М-04. В кн. Программное лечение заболеваний системы крови. Т. II. Под ред. В.Г. Савченко. М.: Практика, 2012: 720–34. [Baryakh Ye.A., Kravchenko S.K. Protokol terapii limfomy Berkitta vzroslykh po programme LB-M-04. V kn. Programmnoye lecheniye zabolevaniy sistemy krovi. T. II. Pod red. V.G. Savchenko (Protocol of therapy for adult Burkitt’s lymphoma in accordance with LB-M-04 program. In: Program therapy for hematological malignancies. Vol. II. Ed. by: V.G. Savchenko). M.: Praktika, 2012: 720–34.]
  118. Thomas D.A., Faderl S., O’Brien S. et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with hyper-CVAD plus rituximab for the treatment of adult Burkitt and Burkitt-type lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 2006; 106(7): 1569–80.
  119. Fayad L., Thomas D., Romaguera J. Update of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with hyper-CVAD and rituximab for the treatment of mantle cell and Burkitt-type lymphomas. Clin. Lymph. Myel. 2007; 8(2): 57–62.
  120. Bence Z., Kovacs G., Jakab Z. et al. Lymphomas in adolescents: are childhood lymphoma therapy protocols suitable for this patient group? Magy Onkol. 2008; 52(4): 357–62.
  121. Cairo M.S., Sposto R., Gerrard M. et al. Advanced Stage, Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Primary Site, but Not Adolescent Age (³ 15 Years), Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Treatment Failure in Children and Adolescents With Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Results of the FAB LMB 96 Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2012; 30(4): 387–93.
  122. Woessmann W., Reiter A. Re-induction approaches to relapsed/ refractory childhood and adolescent non Hodgkin’s lymphoma: BFM perspective. Br. J. Haematol. 2012; 159(1): 41.
  123. Griffin T.C., Weitzman S., Weinstein H. et al. A study of rituximab and ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy in children with recurrent/ refractory B-cell (CD20+) non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childrens Oncology Group. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 2009; 53: 177–81.
  124. Harris N., Jaffe E., Stein H. et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 1994; 84: 1361–92.