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Клиническое значение экспрессии гена PRAME при онкогематологических заболеваниях

ОБЗОРЫ , ,

В.А. Мисюрин

ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Москва, Каширское ш., д. 24, 115478

Для переписки: Всеволод Андреевич Мисюрин, канд. биол. наук, Каширское ш., д. 24, Moсква, Российская Федерация, 115478; тел. +7(985)436-30-19; e-mail: vsevolod.misyurin@gmail.com

Для цитирования: Мисюрин В.А. Клиническое значение экспрессии гена PRAME при онкогематологических заболеваниях. Клиническая онкогематология. 2018;11(1):26–33.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-1-26-33

РЕФЕРАТ

Хотя и активность PRAME была впервые установлена при солидных опухолях, данный ген чрезвычайно часто экспрессируется при онкогематологических заболеваниях. Ген PRAME может быть использован как надежный биомаркер наличия опухолевых клеток. Определение транскриптов PRAME используется при мониторинге минимальной остаточной болезни и диагностике молекулярного рецидива. При проведении экспериментов с PRAME-экспрессирующими линиями лейкозных клеток получены противоречивые результаты. По этой причине объяснить наблюдаемое влияние экспрессии PRAME на прогноз очень сложно. Тем не менее при хронических миелопролиферативных заболеваниях и хроническом миелоидном лейкозе активность PRAME связана с худшим прогнозом, а при острых лейкозах лимфоидной и миелоидной направленности — с лучшим. Несмотря на большой объем клинических наблюдений, при некоторых нозологических формах влияние экспрессии PRAME на прогноз остается неизвестным. В настоящем обзоре литературы широко представлены известные данные об экспрессии гена PRAME при онкогематологических заболеваниях.

Ключевые слова: PRAME, лейкозы, лимфомы, прогноз.

Получено: 14 сентября 2017 г.

Принято в печать: 2 декабря 2017 г.

Читать статью в PDF 

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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Миелоидные супрессорные клетки при некоторых онкогематологических заболеваниях

ОБЗОРЫ , , , ,

А.В. Пономарев

ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России, Каширское ш., д. 24, Moсква, Российская Федерация, 115478

Для переписки: Александр Васильевич Пономарев, аспирант, Каширское ш., д. 24, Moсква, Российская Федерация, 115478; e-mail: kl8546@yandex.ru

Для цитирования: Пономарев А.В. Миелоидные супрессорные клетки при некоторых онкогематологических заболеваниях. Клиническая онкогематология. 2017;10(1):29–38.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-1-29-38

РЕФЕРАТ

Миелоидные супрессорные клетки — это незрелые клетки миелоидного происхождения, обладающие иммуносупрессивными свойствами. В обзоре приведена характеристика миелоидных супрессорных клеток, в т. ч. варианты фенотипа, механизмы супрессивного воздействия на иммунную систему, механизмы рекрутирования опухолью миелоидных супрессоров. Дано краткое описание работ, в которых исследовались миелоидные супрессоры при онкогематологических заболеваниях, включая множественную миелому, лимфомы и лейкозы.

Ключевые слова: миелоидные супрессоры, супрессорные клетки миелоидного происхождения, множественная миелома, лимфомы, лейкозы.

Получено: 8 сентября 2016 г.

Принято в печать: 3 декабря 2016 г.

Читать статью в PDFpdficon

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Использование достижений современных геномных технологий при лимфомах

ОБЗОРЫ , , , ,

М.В. Немцова1, М.В. Майорова2

1 Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, Москва, Российская Федерация, 125993

2 Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена, 2-й Боткинский пр-д, д. 3, Москва, Российская Федерация, 125284

Для переписки: Марина Вячеславовна Немцова, д-р биол. наук, профессор, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, Москва, Российская Федерация, 125993; тел.: +7(499)252-21-04; e-mail: nemtsova_m_v@mail.ru

Для цитирования: Немцова М.В., Майорова М.В. Использование достижений современных геномных технологий при лимфомах. Клиническая онкогематология. 2016;9(3):265-70.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2016-9-3-265-270

РЕФЕРАТ

Современные достижения в области геномики и биологии рака позволили значительно расширить объем знаний о молекулярном патогенезе лимфом. С использованием полногеномных методов исследования и современных компьютерных технологий удалось доказать, что разнообразные гистологические и иммуноморфологические подтипы лимфом различаются на молекулярном уровне и возникают в результате действия различных онкогенных механизмов. Стало понятно, что в основе вариабельности клинических симптомов, которые наблюдаются у пациентов с лимфомами, лежат как гетерогенность опухолевых клеток, так и особенности молекулярного патогенеза. Основываясь на полученных данных, предложены стратегии для разработки новых препаратов, которые сегодня используются в лечении лимфом. Они включают определение молекулярных этапов патогенеза, оценку значимости каждого этапа для развития опухоли и получение препарата с направленным действием на этот этап. В результате предложено несколько новых классов молекулярных таргетных агентов для лечения лимфом, которые сегодня изучаются в клинических исследованиях. В современную эпоху персонализированной медицины одной из основных задач при лечении пациентов с лимфомами является определение правильной таргетной терапии для каждого типа лимфоидной опухоли, характеризующейся уникальными молекулярными механизмами опухолеобразования.

Ключевые слова: лимфомы, профиль экспрессии генов, микроРНК, сигнальные пути, NF-kB.

Получено: 13 февраля 2016 г.

Принято в печать: 14 марта 2016 г.

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Качество жизни больных лимфомами в различный срок после высокодозной химиотерапии с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток

КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ , , ,

Н.Е. Мочкин1, Д.А. Федоренко1, В.Я. Мельниченко1, Т.И. Ионова2, Т.П. Никитина1,2, К.А. Курбатова2, А.А. Новик1

1 ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, Российская Федерация, 105203

2 Межнациональный центр исследования качества жизни, ул. Артиллерийская, д. 1, офис 152, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 191014

Для переписки: Н.Е. Мочкин, канд. мед. наук, ассистент, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70, Москва, Российская Федерация, 105203; тел.: +7(495)603-72-17; e-mail: nickmed@yandex.ru

Для цитирования:  Мочкин Н.Е., Федоренко Д.А., Мельниченко В.Я., Ионова Т.И., Никитина Т.П., Курбатова К.А., Новик А.А. Качество жизни больных лимфомами в разные сроки после высокодозной химиотерапии с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Клин. онкогематол. 2014; 7(4): 577–582.

РЕФЕРАТ

В статье представлены результаты мониторинга показателей качества жизни у 103 больных лимфомами (неходжкинские, n = 36; Ходжкина, n = 67) в разный срок после высокодозной химиотерапии (ВДХТ) с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аутоТГСК). У большинства пациентов через 1 год после ВДХТ с аутоТГСК зарегистрированы улучшение или стабилизация качества жизни. При этом данные ответа, связанного с качеством жизни, и клинического ответа на лечение совпадали не во всех случаях. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о важности комплексного подхода к оценке эффективности лечения пациентов и могут быть важным индикатором восстановления функционирования больных в разный срок после трансплантации.

Ключевые слова: качество жизни, лимфомы, высокодозная химиотерапия, аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток.

Принято в печать: 16 сентября 2014 г.

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Малоинвазивные хирургические технологии при поражениях позвоночника в онкогематологии

ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРИ ЛИМФОИДНЫХ ОПУХОЛЯХ , , , ,

А.К. Валиев, А.В. Соколовский, А.С. Неред, Э.Р. Мусаев

ФГБУ «РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация

РЕФЕРАТ

В последние десятилетия отметилась четкая тенденция к росту злокачественных новообразований с поражением костей скелета. Они составляют в среднем 1,5–2 % всех онкологических заболеваний. Наиболее распространены, по данным ряда авторов, множественная миелома (35–50 %), остеосаркома (20–30 %), хондросаркома (10–17 %), саркома Юинга (6–12 %), лимфомы (3–7 %). Соответственно и проблема лечения патологических переломов позвонков у больных с множественной миеломой и лимфомами становится более актуальной. Существующие современные малоинвазивные методы лечения патологических переломов позвонков (чрескожная вертебропластика и кифопластика) у больных множественной миеломой и лимфомами позволяют значительно улучшить качество жизни и в короткий срок начать специальное лечение.

Ключевые слова: позвоночник, вертебропластика, патологические переломы, множественная миелома, лимфомы.

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Современные аспекты применения позитронно-эмиссионной томографии при лимфомах

ОБЗОРЫ , , ,

Асланиди И.П., Мухортова О.В., Катунина Т.А., Екаева И.В., Шавман М.Г.

ФГБНУ «Научный центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева», Рублевское ш., д. 135, Москва, Российская Федерация, 121552

Для переписки: Ольга Валентиновна Мухортова, д-р мед. наук, Рублевское ш., д. 135, Москва, Российская Федерация, 121552; тел.: +7(495)414-77-31; e-mail: olgamukhortova@yandex.ru

Для цитирования: Асланиди И.П., Мухортова О.В., Катунина Т.А. и др. Современные аспекты применения позитронно-эмиссионной томографии при лимфомах. Клиническая онкогематология. 2015;8(1):13–25.

РЕФЕРАТ

Цель. Определить наиболее эффективные направления использования позитронно-эмиссионной томографии (ПЭТ) со фтордезоксиглюкозой, меченной 18-фтором (18F-ФДГ), у больных лимфомами.

Методы. Изучено 56 научных источников, опубликованных в 2005–2014 гг., в которых анализируются результаты последних крупных исследований по применению ПЭТ у больных лимфомами.

Результаты. ПЭТ с 18F-ФДГ стала неотъемлемой частью диагностического алгоритма у больных лимфомами, которые характеризуются активным накоплением 18F-ФДГ. Высокая точность ПЭТ у пациентов с некоторыми типами лимфом позволяет эффективно использовать метод в клинической практике для определения стадии заболевания, оценки эффективности лечения, уточнения распространенности рецидива, результатов противорецидивного лечения, а также при подозрении на трансформацию лимфомы. Применение ПЭТ на других этапах лечения больных лимфомами находится в процессе научных разработок. При индолентных лимфомах с известной низкой гликолитической активностью или лимфомах редких гистологических типов ПЭТ для оценки эффективности лечения используется только при наличии исходных (до начала лечения) результатов исследования. Для оценки результатов лечения рекомендуется использовать 5-балльную шкалу Deauville. Соблюдение сроков обследования в процессе противоопухолевой терапии позволяет существенно повысить точность ПЭТ-диагностики. Одиночные очаги, выявленные при ПЭТ и имеющие принципиальное значение для выбора лечения, должны быть верифицированы другими методами диагностики. Выполнение ПЭТ при наблюдении за больными в состоянии ремиссии признается нецелесообразным.

Выводы. ПЭТ является «золотым стандартом» стадирования и оценки эффективности лечения больных лимфомами, которые характеризуются активным накоплением 18F-ФДГ.

Ключевые слова: ПЭТ, лимфомы, международные рекомендации, 5-балльная шкала Deauville.

Получено: 14 ноября 2014 г.

Принято в печать: 18 ноября 2014 г.

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