FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

Clinical significance of the whole-exome studies in myeloid neoplasms using next-generation sequencing

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH , ,

S.A. Smirnikhina1, A.V. Lavrov1, E.P. Adilgereeva1, A.G. Turkina2, S.I. Kutsev1,3

1 FSBI «Research Centre for Medical Genetics» RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation

2 FSBI «Hematological Research Centre» Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

3 SBEI HPE «Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov» Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

The application of next generation sequencing (NGS) to study myeloid neoplasms pathogenesis is considered in this review. Analysis of tumor cell’s exome in patients with different forms of hematopoietic myeloid tumors revealed new recurrent mutations, significant for the understanding of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, estimation of therapy effectiveness prognosis, development the new approaches to target therapy of these diseases.

Keywords: exome, next generation sequencing, myeloid neoplasms.

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Overcoming methotrexate induced liver toxicity: a role of triterpenoids

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH , , , ,

B.A. Frolov1, O.V. Kalinina1, A.V. Kirillova1, A.A. Shtil2

1 State Federal-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Training «Orenburg State Medical Academy» Russian Ministry of Health, Orenburg, Russian Federation

2 FSBI «N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center» RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Liver toxicity remains a key limiting factor in the use of antitumor chemotherapeutics including the drugs for hematological malignancies. This review analyzes molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of chemotherapy-associated structural and functional impairment of liver. In particular, we focused on liver toxicity of methotrexate, the drug used in hematology. Natural compounds of triterpenoid class can protect liver from methotrexate induced damage. The biological effects of triterpenoids include anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, immune, anti-oxidative and organ protection activities. Miliacin (3-b-methoxy-D18-oleanen), a plant derived triterpenoid, is regarded as a perspective agent for liver protection in combination with methotrexate. Importantly, miliacin does not change the pharmacokinetics and antitumor potency of methotrexate.

Keywords: methotrexate, triterpenoids, organ toxicity, chemotherapy, hematological malignancies.

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