MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Anemias in Oncology: Potential of Maintenance Therapy

MAINTENANCE THERAPY , , , ,

AV Snegovoi, VB Larionova, LV Manzyuk, IB Kononenko

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Anton Vladimirovich Snegovoi, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: +7(499)324-41-09; e-mail: anvs2012@gmail.com

For citation: Snegovoi AV, Larionova VB, Manzyuk LV, Kononenko IB. Anemias in Oncology: Potential of Maintenance Therapy. Clinical oncohematology. 2016;9(3):326-35 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2016-9-3-326-35

ABSTRACT

Development of anemia during chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy of malignancies is a serious adverse event negatively affecting the quality of life and effectiveness of the treatment. In this regard, the leading consensus committees of NCCN, ESMO, ASCO, and RUSSCO have prepared and are regularly updating recommendations for diagnosing and treatment of anemia in cancer patients. The article presents recent data on the pathogenesis and methods of treatment of anemia in cancer patients, including administration of erythropoiesis stimulating agents: recombinant erythropoietins, intravenous iron products, vitamins, and red blood cell transfusions.

Keywords: cancer, anemia, erythropoietins, intravenous iron products, red blood cell transfusions.

Received: February 29, 2016

Accepted: March 31, 2016

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Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Oncology

MAINTENANCE THERAPY , , ,

AV Snegovoi, VB Larionova, IB Kononenko, LV Manzyuk, AI Saltanov, VYu Sel’chuk

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Anton Vladimirovich Snegovoi, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: +7(499)324-41-09; e-mail: anvs2012@gmail.com

For citation: Snegovoi AV, Larionova VB, Kononenko IB, et al. Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Oncology. Clinical oncohematology. 2016;9(1):75–83 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2016-9-1-75-83

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims. Despite significant progress achieved over last 25 years, nausea and especially vomiting remain basic side effects of chemotherapy affecting patients’ quality of life. Modern antiemetic therapy permits to reduce the frequency of acute vomiting to 20–30 %, whereas the effectiveness of nausea prevention is higher. Available domestic publications do not describe fundamentals of the antiemetic therapy during treatment with cytostatic agents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of itopride in combined antiemetic therapy for prevention of acute nausea and vomiting, as well as in single drug therapy for arresting delayed vomiting.

Methods. 30 patients were enrolled in the study (breast cancer — 10 patients, ovarian cancer — 8 patients, gastric cancer — 2 patients, colorectal cancer — 5 patients, and lung cancer — 5 patients): 25 women and 5 men aged from 40 to 70 years. All patients received chemotherapy earlier, which had unfavorable effects on the tolerability of subsequent therapy. All patients underwent chemotherapy with different degrees of emetogenicity during the study.

Results. The study has demonstrated that overall effectiveness of a combination of itopride with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for prevention of acute vomiting was equal to 100 %. Overall effectiveness of itopride for prevention of delayed vomiting was equal to 80 %.

Conclusion. The combination of itopride with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists can be recommended for prevention of delayed vomiting in moderately emetogenic chemotherapeutic regimens.

Keywords: nausea, vomiting, oncology, antiemetics.

Received: August 10, 2015

Accepted: October 12, 2015

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Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Own Experience of Clinical Use

MAINTENANCE THERAPY , ,

A.M. Pronina, I.A. Kurmukov, O.A. Obuhova, Sh.R. Kashiya

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Anna Mikhailovna Pronina, MD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: +7(499)324-62-59; e-mail: belmar9@yandex.ru

For citation: Pronina AM, Kurmukov IA, Obukhova OA, Kashiya ShR. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Own Experience of Clinical Use. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(4):428–435 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2015-8-4-428-435

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims. At present, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are widely used as a medium-term vascular access for patients with various diseases. In this country, these catheters are used rarely to provide vascular access in patients with cancer. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to formulate indications for implantation of these catheters to oncological patients taking into account our own clinical experience in implantation and operation of PICC.

Methods. From November, 2013, till November, 2014, at N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 19 peripherally inserted central catheters were implanted to 19 patients. All catheters were placed by anesthesiologists. Peripheral or deep veins of a shoulder were punctured under the dynamic ultrasonic control.

Results. Successful catheterization was achieved in 18 of 19 patients. The median PICC dwell time was 33 days (range from 1 to 116 days), a total of 692 catheter days. In one case, during the implantation of a catheter, some technical complication were observed which made impossible its further using. Complications related to the catheter were reported in 7 cases including 2 cases of local infection of the soft tissue at the stationary point of a catheter. Inadvertent removal of a catheter was registered in 3 cases. No complications were registered.

Conclusion. Implantation of peripheral inserted central catheters under dynamic ultrasonic control has both high percent of a successful сatheterization and a minimum number of procedure-related complications. After training the staff and patients in operation of the catheter, this venous access allows to perform all necessary courses of treatments of up to 6 months.

Keywords: venous access, peripherally inserted central catheter, ultrasound-guided venipuncture.

Received: March 25, 2015

Accepted: September 30, 2015

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Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome in Cancer Patients

MAINTENANCE THERAPY , ,

AV Snegovoi, IB Kononenko, VB Larionova, AI Saltanov, VYu Sel’chuk

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Anton Vladimirovich Snegovoi, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: +7(499)324-41-09; e-mail: anvs2012@gmail.com

For citation: Snegovoi AV, Kononenko IB, Larionova VB, et al. Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome in Cancer Patients. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(2):185–90 (In Russ).

ABSTRACT

For a long time, cachexia has been considered one of symptoms of cancer progression. The word cachexia is of Greek origin (kakos — bad and hexis — condition). This disorder is associated with a decrease in physical activity, reduced effectiveness of anticancer therapy, and decreased survival rates. The study of dissemination of malignancies demonstrated that cachexia is caused not only by the malignancy itself, but also by development of anorexia (loss of appetite) due to changes in humoral regulation of metabolic processes. Therefore, such condition of cancer patients should be called an anorexia-cachexia syndrome.

Keywords: anorexia-cachexia syndrome, cachexia, anorexia.

Received: February 3, 2015

Accepted: February 10, 2015

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