Complex Chromosomal Aberrations in Patients with Post-Transplantation Relapses of Acute Leukemias: Clinical and Theoretical Aspects

MYELOID TUMORS , ,

TL Gindina, NN Mamaev, SN Bondarenko, NV Semenova, EN Nikolaeva, ME Vlasova, NV Stancheva, OA Slesarchuk, VN Vavilov, EV Morozova, AL Alyanskii, BV Afanas’ev

R.M. Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Transplantation; Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, 12 Rentgena str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022

For correspondence: Tat’yana Leonidovna Gindina, PhD, 12 Rentgena str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022; Tel.: +7(812)233-12-43; e-mail: tatgindina@gmail.com

For citation: Gindina TL, Mamaev NN, Bondarenko SN, et al. Complex Chromosomal Aberrations in Patients with Post-Transplantation Relapses of Acute Leukemias: Clinical and Theoretical Aspects. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(1):69–77 (In Russ).

ABSTRACT

Objective. To analyze the incidence of a complex karyotype in patients with post-transplantation relapses of acute myeloid leukemias and to evaluate preliminary treatment results before and after bone marrow transplantation in order to elaborate optimal approaches to the treatment of this disease.

Methods. Cytogenetic investigations (including fluorescent in situ hybridization [FISH]) were performed in 100 patients (53 males, 47 females aged from 1 to 60; median — 23 years) with post-transplantation relapses of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) (n = 61) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 39).

Results. Aberrant karyotypes were found in 90 % of AML and 97 % of ALL patients. The incidence of acute leukemias (AL) with complex karyotypes (CK) was significantly higher in ALL patients than that in the AML group (67 % vs 36 %; p = 0.002). At that, the percentage of CK with 4 and more chromosome abnormalities per cell in ALL patients aged 1–18 years was also significantly higher than that in AML patients (60 % vs 30 %; p = 0.03). Besides, this difference was observed in the CK+ proportion between ALL and AML groups. Transplantation was performed during the active phase of the disease (i.e. after remission) in 75 % vs 55 %, respectively (p = 0.003).

Conclusions. Serial cytogenetic investigations showed that CKs before transplantation and in PTR are closely related, thus confirming their clonal nature. Therefore, it may be assumed that karyotype complication achieved by the PTR can be caused by both chemotherapy performed at early stages of acute leukemia and pre-transplant conditioning regimes. In this case, further increase of the chemotherapeutic intensity in order to prevent and treat expected PTRs in patients with CK+ acute leukemias seems to be unreasonable. In this connection, infusion of donor lymphocytes, administration of hypomethylating agents or medicines with target mechanism of action should be used for management of AML patients during the post-transplant period.

Keywords: acute leukemias, post-transplantation relapses, complex karyotype.

Received: September 2, 2014

Accepted: November 13, 2014

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