Molecular Genetic Markers and Clinical Characteristics of Essential Thrombocythemia

MYELOID TUMORS ,

AA Zhernyakova, IS Martynkevich, VA Shuvaev, LB Polushkina, MS Fominykh, VYu Udal’eva, II Zotova, DI Shikhbabaeva, MN Zenina, NA Potikhonova, SV Voloshin, SS Bessmel’tsev, AV Chechetkin, KM Abdulkadyrov

Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 16 2-ya Sovetskaya str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191024

For correspondence: Anastasiya Andreevna Zhernyakova, MD, 16 2-ya Sovetskaya str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191024; Tel.: +7(921)343-01-05; e-mail: zhernyakova.a@mail.ru

For citation: Zhernyakova AA, Martynkevich IS, Shuvaev VA, et al. Molecular Genetic Markers and Clinical Characteristics of Essential Thrombocythemia. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(3):402–8 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-3-402-408

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims. The presence of different molecular genetic markers of clonality (mutations in JAK2, MPL, CALR) or their absence (triple negative status, TN) in essential thrombocythemia (ET) indicates a biological heterogeneity of the disease and can determine its clinical forms. The aim was to evaluate the association of molecular genetic markers with the clinical form and the prognosis of ET.

Materials & Methods. We analyzed the data of 240 patients with ET at the age of 20–91 years (median age 58.7 years), who were observed in the Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology from 1999 to 2016 (median observation period 37.2 months).

Results. The JAK2V617F (JAK2+) mutation was found in 182 (75.9 %) of 240 patients. CALR (CALR+) mutations were found in 30 (12.5 %): type 1 (CALR1+) mutations in 13/30 (43.3 %) and type 2 (CALR2+) in 17/30 (56.7 %). MPL (MPL+) mutations were found in only 2 (0.8 %) of 240 patients. None of the mutations were detected in 26 (10.8 %) of 240 patients (TN status). Significantly higher platelet counts were observed in CALR1+ and CALR2+ subgroups during the primary diagnosis of ET compared with JAK2+ and TN groups. The mean platelet counts were 1252 × 109/L for CALR2+ and 1079 × 109/L for CALR1+ vs 841 × 109/L (p < 0.001; p = 0.06) and 775 × 109/L (p < 0.001; p = 0.04) for JAK2+ and TN, respectively. Thrombosis was diagnosed in 50 (27.4 %) of 182 patients of the JAK2+ subgroup, in 8 (30.7 %) of the 26 patients of the TN subgroup, and in 2 (18.2 %) of 11 patients of the CALR1+ subgroup. No thrombosis was found in the CALR2+ and MPL+ subgroups (p < 0.001). In general, the CALR1+ status was characterized as the most favorable in terms of prognosis (5-year overall survival rate of 100 %), compared to the least favorable TN status (5-year overall survival rate of 85 %).

Conclusion. Mutations in the CALR gene were characterized by a more favorable prognosis in comparison with JAK2+ and TN, as well as a decrease in the risk and frequency of thrombosis, despite higher platelet counts. TN-status of ET was associated with unfavorable prognosis.

Keywords: essential thrombocythemia, CALR, JAK2V617F, MPL.

Received: December 26, 2016

Accepted: March 6, 2017

Read in PDF (RUS)pdficon

REFERENCES

  1. Меликян А.Л., Туркина А.Г., Абдулкадыров К.М. и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностики и терапии Ph-негативных миелопролиферативных заболеваний (истинная полицитемия, эссенциальная тромбоцитемия, первичный миелофиброз). Мат-лы II конгресса гематологов (апрель 2014 г.). М., 2014. 81 с.
    [Melikyan AL, Turkina AG, Abdulkadyrov KM, et al. Clinical recommendations for diagnosis and therapy of Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis). II Congress of hematologists. (April, 2014). Moscow; 2014. 81 p. (In Russ)]
  2. Абдулкадыров К.М., Шуваев В.А., Мартынкевич И.С. Современные подходы к диагностике и лечению эссенциальной тромбоцитемии: обзор литературы и собственные данные. Клиническая онкогематология. 2015;8(3):235–47. doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2015-8-3-235-247.
    [Abdulkadyrov KM, Shuvaev VA, Martynkevich IS. Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Thrombocythemia: Literature Review and Own Experience. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(3):235–47. doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2015-8-3-235-247. (In Russ)]
  3. Соколова М.А. Современные представления о «классических» Ph-негативных хронических миелопролиферативных заболеваниях. Клиническая онкогематология. 2010;3(3):235–42.
    [Sokolova MA. Modern conception of «classic» Ph-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Klinicheskaya onkogematologiya. 2010;3(3):235–42. (In Russ)]
  4. Rampal R, Al-Shahrour F, Abdel-Wahab O, et al. Integrated genomic analysis illustrates the central role of JAK-STAT pathway activation in myeloproliferative neoplasm pathogenesis. Blood. 2014;123(22):e123–33. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-554634.
  5. Baxter E, Scott L, Campbell P, et al. Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders. Lancet. 2005;365(9464):1054–61. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74230-6.
  6. Kralovics R, Passamonti F, Buser AS, et al. A gain-of-function mutation of JAK2 in myeloproliferative disorders. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(7):1779–90. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa051113.
  7. Levine RL, Wadleigh M, Cools J, et al. Activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Cancer Cell. 2005;7(4):387–97. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.023.
  8. Petrides P. CMPE 2014 Aktuelle Empfelungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie Chronisch MyeloProliferativer Erkrankungen. 4. Aufgabe. Munchen; 2014. s. 48.
  9. Vainchenker W, Delhommeau F, Constantinescu SN, et al. New mutations and pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood. 2011;118(7):1723–35. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-292102.
  10. Vannucchi A, Antonioli E, Guglielmelli P, et al. Characteristics and clinical correlates of MPL 515W>L/K mutation in essential thrombocythemia. Blood. 2008;112(3):844–47. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-135897.
  11. Nangalia J, Massie CE, Baxter EJ, et al. Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(25):2391–405. Am J Hematol. 2014;89(8):2392–405. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1312542.
  12. Klampfl T, Gisslinger H, Harutyunyan AS, et al. Somatic Mutations of Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(25):2379–90. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1311347.
  13. Lundberg P, Karow A, Nienhold R, et al. Clonal evolution and clinical correlates of somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood. 2014;123(14):2220–8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-537167.
  14. Tefferi A, Barbui T. Personalized management of essential thrombocythemia—application of recent evidence to clinical practice. Leukemia. 2013;27(8):1617–20. doi: 10.1038/leu.2013.99.
  15. Al Assaf C, Van Obbergh F, Billiet J, et al. Analysis Of Phenotype And Outcome In Essential Thrombocythemia With CALR or JAK2 Mutations. Haematologica. 2015;100(7):893–7. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118299.
  16. Chen C, Gau J-P, Chou H-J, et al. Frequencies, clinical characteristics, and outcome of somatic CALR mutations in JAK2-unmutated essential thrombocythemia. Ann Hematol. 2014;93(12):2029–36. doi: 10.1007/s00277-014-2151-8.
  17. Rumi E, Pietra D, Ferretti V, et al. JAK2 or CALR mutation status defines subtypes of essential thrombocythemia with substantially different clinical course and outcomes. Blood. 2014;123(10):1544–51. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-539098.
  18. Labastida-Mercado N, Galindo-Becerra S, Garces-Eisele J, et al. The mutation profile of JAK2, MPL and CALR in Mexican patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2015;8(1):16–21. doi: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2014.12.002.
  19. Cazzola M, Kralovics R. From Janus kinase 2 to calreticulin: the clinically relevant genomic landscape of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood. 2014;123(24):3714–9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-530865.
  20. Tefferi A, Thiele J, Vardiman JW. The 2008 World Health Organization classification system for myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cancer. 2009;115(17):3842–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24440.
  21. Tefferi A, Vardiman JW. Classification and diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms: The 2008 World Health Organization criteria and point-of-care diagnostic algorithms. Leukemia. 2008;22(1):14–22. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404955.
  22. Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Facchetti F, et al. European Consensus on grading bone marrow fibrosis and assessment of cellularity. Haematologica. 2005;90(8):1128–32.
  23. Barbui T, Finazzi G, Carobbio A, et al. Development and Validation of an International Prognostic Score of Thrombosis in World Health Organization-essential thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis). Blood. 2012;120(26):5128–33. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-444067.
  24. Tefferi A, Barbui T. CME Information: Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2015;90(2):162–73. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23895.
  25. Rotunno G, Mannarelli C, Guglielmelli P, et al. Impact of calreticulin mutations on clinical and hematological phenotype and outcomes in essential thrombocythemia. Blood. 2014;123(10):1552–5. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-538983.
  26. Wolanskyj A, Lasho TL, Schwager SM, et al. JAK2 mutation in essential thrombocythaemia: clinical associations and long-term prognostic relevance. Br J Haematol. 2005;131(2):208–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05764.x.
  27. Asp J, Andreasson B, Hansson U, et al. Mutational status of essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis defines clinical outcomes. Haematologia. 2016;101(4):e129–32. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2015.138958.
  28. Tefferi A, Guglielmelli P, Larson DR, et al. Long-term survival and blast transformation in molecularly annotated essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis. Blood. 2014;1241(6):2507–13. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-579136.
  29. Andrikovics H, Krahling T, Balassa K, et al. Distinct clinical characteristics of myeloproliferative neoplasms with calreticulin mutations. Haematologica. 2014;99(7):1184–90. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.107482.