Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prognosis Assessment and Monitoring of the Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

LYMPHOID TUMORS , ,

MA Katin1, IV Zhil’tsov1, VM Semenov1, DK Novik2

1 Vitebsk State Medical University, 27 Frunze pr-t, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus, 210023

2 Republican Applied Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, 290 Il’icha str., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, 246040

For correspondence: Prof. Ivan Viktorovich Zhil’tsov, MD, PhD, 27 Frunze pr-t, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus, 210023; Tel.: +375(29)7104368-93-29; e-mail: zhyltsou@tut.by

For citation: Katin NA, Zhil’tsov IV, Semenov VM, Novik DK. Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prognosis Assessment and Monitoring of the Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):182–6.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-182-186

ABSTRACT

The review provides the analysis of 34 papers on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a method of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection in biological material of patients with EBV-associated cancer diseases including Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). A comparative analysis of different methods of EBV DNA detection in biological material is presented. EBV is associated with HL in 20 to 100 % of cases depending on a geographic region and HIV status. EBV-associated HLs are characterized by latency type II. EBV is found in all the atypical cells and can be detected in blood of EBV-associated HL patients by means of the PCR method. The review includes the results of studies on EBV detection using the PCR method compared to in situ methods of hybridization and immunohistochemistry in various EBV-associated cancer diseases including HL. The obtained data indicate that PCR can be used for quantitative determination of EBV DNA in blood plasma of HL patients for therapeutic efficacy monitoring and prognosis assessment of disease and relapses. Quantitative determination of EBV DNA in blood plasma of HL patients using the real time PCR method is a promising technique. Its further practical application requires standardization of the method, larger trials, and comparison to positron emission tomography.

Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, polymerase chain reaction.

Received: December 20, 2017

Accepted: February 28, 2018

Read in PDF 

REFERENCES

  1. Thorley-Lawson DA. Epstein-Barr virus: exploiting the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2001;1(1):75–82. doi: 10.1038/35095584.
  2. Murata T. Regulation of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation from latency. Microbiol Immunol. 2014;58(6):307–17. doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12155.
  3. Shannon-Lowe C, Rickinson AB, Bell AI. Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphomas. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2017;372(1732):20160271.
  4. Young LS, Murray PG. Epstein-Barr virus and oncogenesis: from latent genes to tumours. Oncogene. 2003;22(33):5108–21. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206556.
  5. Rickinson AB, Rowe M, Hart IJ, et al. T-cell-mediated regression of ‘spontaneous’ and of Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in vitro: studies with cyclosporin A. Cell Immunol. 1984;87(2):646–58. doi: 1016/0008-8749(84)90032-7.
  6. Mancao C, Hammerschmidt W. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A is a B-cell receptor mimic and essential for B-cell survival. Blood. 2007;110(10):3715–21. doi: 1182/blood-2007-05-090142.
  7. Massini G, Siemer D, Hohaus S. EBV in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2009;1(2):e2009013. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2009.013.
  8. Flavell KJ, Murray PG. Hodgkin’s disease and the Epstein-Barr virus. Mol Pathol. 2000;53(5):262–9. doi:1136/mp.53.5.262.
  9. Weinreb M, Day PJ, Niggli F, et al. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin’s disease from different geographical areas. Arch Dis Child. 1996;74(1):27–31. doi: 10.1136/adc.74.1.27.
  10. Gandhi MK, Tellam JT, Khanna R. Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2004;125(3):267–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04902.x.
  11. Glaser SL, Lin RJ, Stewart SL, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin’s disease: epidemiologic characteristics in international data. Int J Cancer. 1997;70(4):375–82. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970207)70:4<375::aid-ijc1>3.0.co;2-t.
  12. Dolcetti R, Boiocchi M, Gloghini A, et al. Pathogenetic and histogenetic features of HIV-associated Hodgkin’s disease. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37(10):1276–87. doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00105-8.
  13. Gulley ML, Tang W. Laboratory Assays for Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Disease. J Mol Diagn. 2008;10(4):279–92. doi: 2353/jmoldx.2008.080023.
  14. Maurmann S, Fricke L, Wagner H-J, et al. Molecular parameters for precise diagnosis of asymptomatic Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in healthy carriers. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(12):5419–28. doi: 10.1128/jcm.41.12.5419-5428.2003.
  15. Hohaus S, Santangelo R, Giachelia M, et al. The viral load of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in peripheral blood predicts for biological and clinical characteristics in Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(9):2885–92. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-3327.
  16. Qi Z-L, Han X-Q, Hu J, et al. Comparison of three methods for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin’s lymphoma in paraffin-embedded tissues. Mol Med Rep. 2013;7(1):89–92. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1163.
  17. Ryan JL, Fan H, Glaser SL, et al. Epstein-Barr virus quantitation by real-time PCR targeting multiple gene segments: a novel approach to screen for the virus in paraffin-embedded tissue and plasma. J Mol Diagn. 2004;6(4):378–85. doi: 1016/S1525-1578(10)60535-1.
  18. Lo YM, Leung SF, Chan LY, et al. Kinetics of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA during radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2000;60(9):2351-5.
  19. To EWH, Chan KCA, Leung S-F, et al. Rapid clearance of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA after surgical treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(9):3254–9.
  20. Zhao F, Liu X, Chen X, et al. Levels of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA prior and subsequent to treatment predicts the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2015;10(5):2888–94. doi: 3892/ol.2015.3628.
  21. Au W-Y, Pang A, Choy C, et al. Quantification of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the diagnosis and monitoring of natural killer cell and EBV-positive lymphomas in immunocompetent patients. Blood. 2004;104(1):243–9. doi: 1182/blood-2003-12-4197.
  22. Lei KIK, Chan LYS, Chan W-Y, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus DNA in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8(1):29–34.
  23. Hohaus S, Giachelia M, Massini G, et al. Cell-free circulating DNA in Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(8):1408–13. doi: 1093/annonc/mdp006.
  24. Gallagher A, Armstrong AA, MacKenzie J, et al. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in the serum of patients with EBV-associated Hodgkin’s disease. Int J Cancer. 1999;84(4):442–8. doi:1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990820)84:4<442::aid-ijc20>3.0.co;2-j.
  25. Chan KCA, Zhang J, Chan ATC, et al. Molecular characterization of circulating EBV DNA in the plasma of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma patients. Cancer Res. 2003;63(9):2028–32.
  26. Lei KIK, Chan LYS, Chan WY, et al. Quantitative analysis of circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels in patients with EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies. Br J Haematol. 2000;111(1):239–46. doi:1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02344.x.
  27. Gandhi MK, Lambley E, Burrows J, et al. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is a biomarker for EBV-positive Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(2):460–4. doi: 1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2008.
  28. Kanakry JA, Li H, Gellert LL, et al. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA predicts outcome in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: correlative analysis from a large North American cooperative group trial. Blood. 2013;121(18):3547–53. doi: 1182/blood-2012-09-454694.
  29. Sinha M, Rao CR, Shafiulla M, et al. Plasma Epstein Barr viral load in adult-onset Hodgkin lymphoma in South India. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2016;9(1):8–13. doi: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2015.11.004.
  30. Spacek M, Hubacek P, Markova J, et al. Plasma EBV-DNA monitoring in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin lymphoma patients. APMIS. 2011;119(1):10–6. doi: 1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02685.x.
  31. Welch JJG, Schwartz CL, Higman M, et al. Epstein-Barr virus DNA in serum as an early prognostic marker in children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv. 2017;1(11):681–4. doi: 1182/bloodadvances.2016002618.
  32. De Paoli P, Pratesi C, Bortolin MT. The Epstein Barr virus DNA levels as a tumor marker in EBV-associated cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2007;133(11):809–15. doi: 1007/s00432-007-0281-2.
  33. Le Q-T, Jones CD, Yau T-K, et al. A Comparison Study of Different PCR Assays in Measuring Circulating Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Levels in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(16):5700–7. doi: 1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0648.
  34. Bortolin MT, Pratesi C, Dolcetti R, et al. Clinical value of Epstein–Barr virus DNA levels in peripheral blood samples of Italian patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type. Cancer Lett. 2006;233(2):247–54. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.03.015.