anemia of chronic disease

Erythroferron: Modern Concepts of Its Role in Iron Metabolism Regulation

REVIEWS , ,

VT Sakhin1, NV Kremneva1, AV Gordienko2, OA Rukavitsyn3

1 Military Clinical Hospital No. 1586 under the Ministry of Defense of Russia, 4 Mashtakova str., Podol’sk, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation, 142110

2 SM Kirov Military Medical Academy, 6 Akademika Lebedeva str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194044

3 NN Burdenko Principal Military Clinical Hospital under the Ministry of Defense of Russia, 3 Gospital’naya pl., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105229

For correspondence: Valerii Timofeevich Sakhin, PhD, 4 Mashtakova str., Podol’sk, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation, 142110; Tel: +7(916)314-31-11; e-mail: SahinVT@yandex.ru

For citation: Sakhin VT, Kremneva NV, Gordienko AV, Rukavitsyn OA. Erythroferron: Modern Concepts of Its Role in Iron Metabolism Regulation. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(1):25–8 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-1-25-28

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of experimental and clinical studies evaluating the importance of supposed erythroid regulators of hepcidin levels and mechanism of their action. It demonstrates that the role of growth differentiation factor 15 and twisted gastrulation protein homolog 1 in regulation of hepcidin levels in humans has not been confirmed yet. The data confirming the importance of erythroferron in the pathogenesis of anemia related to blood loss, hemolysis, and hereditary anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis are presented. The studies demonstrated that erythroferron plays the greatest role in the regulation of hepcidin levels in pathological conditions and at stress and does not play a leading role in erythropoiesis under normal conditions. Erythroferron suppresses the hepcidin synthesis by affecting the liver cells directly through an unknown receptor cellular pathway.

Keywords: anemia of chronic disease, hepcidin, erythroferron.

Received: September 14, 2016

Accepted: November 13, 2016

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Iron Metabolism in Normal and Pathological Conditions

REVIEWS , , , ,

E.A. Lukina, A.V. Dezhenkova

Hematology Research Center under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4а Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Elena Alekseevna Lukina, DSci, Professor, 4а Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167; Tel.: +7(495)612-09-23; e-mail: elenalukina02@gmail.com

For citation: Lukina EA, Dezhenkova AV. Iron Metabolism in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(4):355–361 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2015-8-4-362-367

ABSTRACT

This review describes modern conceptions of the physiological and pathological roles of iron, as well as the main mechanisms of iron metabolism regulation. In recent years, it has been shown that both deficiency and excess of iron can have damaging effects on the body, and the existence of homeostatic mechanisms controlling the total iron content of the body has been proved. The body of an average healthy adult human contains 3 to 5 g iron, most of which is contained in blood cells, bone marrow and liver; it is bound to proteins and this is important for prevention of cytotoxic effects of free iron ions. This review summarizes data on the main proteins involved in iron metabolism and their role in iron homeostasis. The processes of iron recirculation and the functional role of hepcidin, the key protein regulating extracellular iron concentration, are emphasized. The review provides brief data on pathogenic mechanisms of functional iron deficiency development and its role in anemia of chronic disease, as well as the pathogenesis, diagnostics and management of secondary iron overload.

Keywords: iron metabolism, ferritin, hepcidin, iron recirculation, anemia of chronic disease, iron overload.

Received: July 1, 2015

Accepted: November 9, 2015

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