anticoagulant therapy

The Effect of Anticoagulant Therapy on Survival and Outcome of Venous Thrombosis in Children, Teenagers, and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated According to ALL-MB-2008 and ALL-MB-2015 Protocols

COMPLICATIONS OF ANTITUMOR TREATMENT , , , , , , ,

VV Dmitriev, NV Migal, OI Bydanov, NV Lipai, EV Dmitriev

Republican National Applied Research Center of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, 43 Frunzenskaya, Borovlyany, Minskii district, Republic of Belarus, 223053

For correspondence: Vyacheslav Vasil’evich Dmitriev, MD, PhD, 43 Frunzenskaya str., Borovlyany, Minskii district, Republic of Belarus, 223053; Tel.: +375(17)265-42-22; e-mail: dmitrievhaematol@mail.ru

For citation: Dmitriev VV, Migal NV, Bydanov OI, et al. The Effect of Anticoagulant Therapy on Survival and Outcome of Venous Thrombosis in Children, Teenagers, and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated According to ALL-MB-2008 and ALL-MB-2015 Protocols. Clinical oncohematology. 2019;12(3):338–43 (In Russ).

doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2019-12-3-338-343

ABSTRACT

Aim. To assess the effect of anticoagulant therapy on survival and outcome of venous thrombosis in children, teenagers, and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Materials & Methods. Venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 42 out of 592 ALL patients treated according to ALL-MB-2008 and ALL-MB-2015 protocols from 2008 to 2017.

Results. A daily dose of 150–200 IU/kg low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administered to 30 patients. Duration of anticoagulant treatment was up to 1 month in 4 patients, 2–3 months in 8 patients, 4–6 months in 12 patients, and 7–12 months in 4 patients. To 2 patients anticoagulants were administered for more than 24 months. Complete recanalization of thrombosed vessel was achieved in 19 patients, partial recanalization was achieved in 6 patients, obliteration of predominantly internal jugular vein was found in 5 patients. During thrombocytopenia (100 to 35 × 109/L) 12 patients received reduced doses of LMWH for 1–4 weeks. In the period of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia the daily LMWH dose was reduced in proportion to thrombocyte level. After thrombocyte recovery up to more than 100 × 109/L antithrombotic treatment was continued with LMWH daily dose of 150–200 anti-Xa IU/kg. The duration of anticoagulant treatment among 12 patients who received reduced doses of LMWH was up to 1 month in 3 patients, 2–3 months in 4 patients, 4–6 months in 3 patients, and 7–12 months in 2 patients. Complete recanalization of thrombosed vessel was achieved in 8 patients, partial recanalization was achieved in 2 patients, vein obliteration was found in 2 patients. No correlation between LMWH dosage and thrombosis outcome was observed (χ2 = 0.494; p = 0.78). Maintenance (accompanying) therapy was completed in 38 out of 42 ALL patients with venous thrombosis. Event-free survival was 83 ± 8 %, that was similar to the one (81 ± 2 %) in patients without thrombosis (p = 0.654).

Conclusion. Anticoagulant treatment of venous thrombosis complicating ALL in children, teenagers, and young adults did not yield a decrease of either overall or event-free survival. Reduction of LMWH doses in the period of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia did not affect the outcome of venous thrombosis.

Keywords: venous thrombosis, coagulation, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, children, teenagers, young adults, anticoagulant therapy, low molecular weight heparin.

Received: October 30, 2018

Accepted: June 5, 2019

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