chimeric oncogene

Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Prognostic Factors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias

REVIEWS , , , ,

AV Misyurin

NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Andrei Vital’evich Misyurin, PhD, 24 Kashirskoe sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; e-mail: and@genetechnology.ru

For citation: Misyurin AV. Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Prognostic Factors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(3):317–23 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-3-317-323

ABSTRACT

This review presents characteristic and reproducible chromosome rearrangements in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which can be detected with a standard cytogenetic research (G-bands staining) or by FISH. More subtle genetic changes, inaccessible to the observation of cytogeneticists, are detected with the help of modern methods of molecular biological diagnosis. The prognostic value of cytogenetic and molecular genetic markers of ALL is shown in this article. A minimal set of clinically relevant molecular markers is presented, which it is advisable to investigate with ALL.

Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chromosomal aberration, chimeric oncogene, gene expression, gene mutation.

Received: December 3, 2016

Accepted: March 8, 2017

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Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Prognostic Factors of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

REVIEWS , , , ,

AV Misyurin

NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Andrei Vital’evich Misyurin, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; e-mail: and@genetechnology.ru

For citation: Misyurin AV. Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Prognostic Factors of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(2):227–34 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-2-227-234

ABSTRACT

The review presents data on the diagnostic and prognostic value of cytogenetic and molecular genetic markers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It demonstrates that some cases, different types of AML subdivided on the basis of clinical and morphological characteristics earlier may be distinguished based on identification of specific genetic and chromosomal defects. However, some repeated chromosomal abnormalities may be detected in AML patients that may be assigned to different variants based in clinical and morphocytochemical signs. At present, it is widely accepted that changes in the karyotype are the key prognostic factors which are more important than criteria based on morphological and cytochemical signs. Therefore, the risk-adaptive therapy of AML should be chosen based on the cytogenetic test findings. The review contains a section discussing gene mutations known to date that may affect the AML treatment outcome.

Keywords: AML, chromosomal aberration, chimeric oncogene, gene expression, gene mutation.

Received: September 16, 2016

Accepted: January 3, 2017

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