hematological malignancies

Multiple Myeloma and Dendritic Cell Vaccines

AUTOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA ,

IV Gribkova, AA Zavyalov

Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, 9 Sharikopodshipnikovskaya str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115088

For correspondence: Irina Vladimirovna Gribkova, PhD in Biology, 9 Sharikopodshipnikovskaya str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115088; Tel.: +7(916)078-73-90; e-mail: igribkova@yandex.ru

For citation: Gribkova IV, Zavyalov AA. Multiple Myeloma and Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Clinical oncohematology. 2021;14(3):370–7. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2021-14-3-370-377

ABSTRACT

Despite advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma, most of patients after its completion retain minimal residual disease (MRD-positive status), which increases the risk of relapse. Antigen-specific immunotherapy of tumors contributes to improving the clinical outcomes in such patients by the killing of cancer drug resistant clone of tumor cells without any damage to normal tissues. Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting elements with the main function of antigen-capturing, processing, and presenting them to naive T-lymphocytes for the activation of immune response against the captured antigen. The unique ability of DC to activate T-helpers and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes as well as to target thereby the immune reactions was used in developing DC-based tumor immunotherapy. This approach suggests the implementation of the so-called ‘DC-vaccines’. The clinical trials performed by now also showed the results of using DC-vaccines in various tumors including hematological ones. On the whole, according to the studies DC-vaccines are characterized by satisfactory safety profile, moderate immunological activity, and moderate clinical efficacy. The present review provides the results of clinical trials dealing with the use of DC-based vaccines in multiple myeloma patients. Besides, the potentials of improving the clinical efficacy of this therapy are discussed.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, dendritic cells, DC-vaccines, hematological malignancies, immunotherapy.

Received: March 9, 2021

Accepted: June 11, 2021

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Статистика Plumx английский

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Supplemental Blood Circulation System in Hematologic Malignancies

REVIEWS , ,

A.A. Vartanyan

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: A.A. Vartanyan, DSci, Senior scientific worker, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel: +7(499)324-10-65; e-mail: zhivotov57@mail.ru

For citation: Vartanyan A.A. Supplemental Blood Circulation System in Hematologic Malignancies. Klin. Onkogematol. 2014; 7(4): 491–500 (In Russ.).

ABSTRACT

Neoangiogenesis, i.e. formation of new blood microvessels on the basis of already existing vascular network, is a prerequisite for tumor growth. For years, neoangiogenesis has been considered the only way for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tumor. However, over the last years, other mechanism of tumor vascularization has been studied. Formation of highly structured vascular channels from tumor cells in the absence of endothelial cells and fibroblasts surrounded by basal membrane, or vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is considered a supplemental blood supply system. VM was found in almost all types of tumors and its occurrence is strongly associated with poor prognosis. This review summarizes basic VM characteristics in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. It also discusses the clinical significance of the above mentioned phenomenon in diagnosing tumors and predicting their course.

Keywords: neoangiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, hematological malignancies.

Accepted: September 1, 2014

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Overcoming methotrexate induced liver toxicity: a role of triterpenoids

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH , , , ,

B.A. Frolov1, O.V. Kalinina1, A.V. Kirillova1, A.A. Shtil2

1 State Federal-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Training «Orenburg State Medical Academy» Russian Ministry of Health, Orenburg, Russian Federation

2 FSBI «N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center» RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Liver toxicity remains a key limiting factor in the use of antitumor chemotherapeutics including the drugs for hematological malignancies. This review analyzes molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of chemotherapy-associated structural and functional impairment of liver. In particular, we focused on liver toxicity of methotrexate, the drug used in hematology. Natural compounds of triterpenoid class can protect liver from methotrexate induced damage. The biological effects of triterpenoids include anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, immune, anti-oxidative and organ protection activities. Miliacin (3-b-methoxy-D18-oleanen), a plant derived triterpenoid, is regarded as a perspective agent for liver protection in combination with methotrexate. Importantly, miliacin does not change the pharmacokinetics and antitumor potency of methotrexate.

Keywords: methotrexate, triterpenoids, organ toxicity, chemotherapy, hematological malignancies.

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