maintenance therapy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Marrow and its Results as a Criterion for Administration of Maintenance Therapy After Auto-HSCT in Multiple Myeloma Patients

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION , , , ,

MV Solov’ev, LP Mendeleeva, GA Yatsyk, NS Lutsik, MV Firsova, EG Gemdzhian, VG Savchenko

National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Maksim Valer’evich Solov’ev, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167; Tel.: +7(495)612-31-92; е-mail: maxsolovej@mail.ru

For citation: Solov’ev MV, Mendeleeva LP, Yatsyk GA, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Marrow and its Results as a Criterion for Administration of Maintenance Therapy After Auto-HSCT in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(4):360–7.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-4-360-367

ABSTRACT

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) based on the results of MRI of bone marrow.

Materials & Methods. The study included 32 MM patients aged 36 to 66 years (median 57 years) with complete remission after a single auto-HSCT. MRI of spine and pelvic bones was performed to identify the nature of bone marrow lesions and to determine the volume of tumor tissue on the day 100 after auto-HSCT. As maintenance therapy after auto-HSCT 14 patients received daily 15 mg lenalidomide in the period from day 1 to day 21 of the 28-day treatment course within 1 year. Monitoring of 18 patients was conducted without maintenance therapy. Statistical analysis included the assessment of progression-free survival (PFS) and relapse risk relationship to clinical and laboratory parameters.

Results. Twenty patients had a positive MRI (tumor volume > 1 cm3). Zero variation of MR signal in bone marrow and detection of a < 1 cm3 tumor were regarded as a negative MRI, which was the case in 12 patients. After reaching the negative MRI the best rates of 2-year PFS were registered: 100 % with maintenance therapy and 84 % without maintenance therapy. In patients with tumor load on MR scans the 2-year PFS significantly (p = 0.03) varied and accounted for 80 % in patients who received maintenance therapy vs. 33 % in patients without maintenance therapy. Administration of maintenance therapy after detecting residual tumor on MR scans on day 100 after auto-HSCT has a positive effect on PFS rates. Multivariate analysis confirmed the residual tumor on MR scans of bone marrow to be the most important parameter PFS depends on.

Conclusion. A negative MRI after auto-HSCT is a favourable prognostic factor determining a long-lasting (> 2 years) MM free period, despite the lack of maintenance therapy.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), maintenance therapy, minimal residual disease.

Received: May 11, 2018

Accepted: August 29, 2018

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Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma in the Era of New Drugs

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION , ,

OV Pirogova, EI Darskaya, VV Porunova, OV Kudyasheva, AG Smirnova, IS Moiseev, EV Babenko, BV Afanas’ev

RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; IP Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022

For correspondence: Ol’ga Vladislavovna Pirogova, MD, PhD, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022; e-mail: dr.pirogova@gmail.com.

For citation: Pirogova OV, Darskaya EI, Porunova VV, et al. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma in the Era of New Drugs. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):187–91.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-187-191

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims. The present retrospective single-center study analysed the impact of high-dose chemotherapy with melphalan with subsequent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) on survival in multiple myeloma (MM) in the era of new induction regimens.

Materials & Methods. The clinical trial included 133 MM patients aged from 31.2 to 78.2 years (the median age was 55.3 years). There were 66 female and 67 male patients. Bortezomib-based regimens as first-line treatment were administered in 133 MM patients, 74 of them received high-dose chemotherapy with melphalan and either single (n = 25), or double (n = 49) auto-HSCT as consolidation therapy in the period from 2006 to 2016.

Results. The overall 5-year survival (OS) rates were 86.5 % for the auto-HSCT treated group vs. 72.9 % for the non-auto-HSCT treated group (p = 0.03); 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 64.9 vs. 39 % for the auto-HSCT and non-auto-HSCT treated groups, respectively (p = 0.0016). MM relapse/progression occurred more frequently in the non-auto-HSCT treated patients (52.5 vs. 28.4 %; p = 0.0016). In multivariate analysis the age above 60 was determined as prognostic factor of lower PFS and increase in relapse/progression rate (p = 0.004 and p = 0.04, respectively). The variant of monoclonal protein (Bence-Jones myeloma) was determined as prognostic factor of higher OS and decrease in relapse/progression rate (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). Complete nonresponsiveness to induction therapy has proved to be an independent predictor of both poor OS and PFS (p = 0.04 and p = 0.041, respectively). 2-year bortezomib-based maintenance therapy following the auto-HSCT treatment resulted in a statistically significant improvement in 5-year PFS (67.4 vs. 60.7 %; p = 0.03) and a decrease in relapse/progression frequency (26.1 vs. 32.1 %; p = 0.05).

Conclusion. High-dose chemotherapy with melphalan with subsequent auto-HSCT is an effective MM treatment strategy, and a subsequent long-term maintenance therapy results in a PFS improvement and a decrease in relapse/progression frequency.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, maintenance therapy.

Received: November 20, 2017

Accepted: February 9, 2018

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REFERENCES

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Mantle cell lymphoma: program therapy for untreated patients under 65 years

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , ,

V.I. Vorobyev1, S.K. Kravchenko1, E.G. Gemdjian1, Yu. Yu. Lorie 2, A.U. Magomedova1, A.L. Melikyan1, J.K. Mangasarova1, D.S. Mar’yin1, E.I. Dubrovin1, T.N. Obukhova1, S.A. Makhinya, V.A. Zherebtsova3, M.A. Vernyuk4, N.G. Tyurina4, and V.G. Savchenko1

1 Hematology Research Center, RF Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation

2 Moscow Oncology Clinic #3, Russian Federation

3 Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, RF Presidential Executive Office, Moscow, Russian Federation

4 P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is aggressive B-cell neoplasm which is diagnosed predominantly among older men. The use of high-dose Ara-C (12 g/m2 per course), autoSCT, and rituximab at all stages of therapy is the most effective approach but it is feasible only in patients under 60–65 years. High efficacy of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin-based regimens and irinotecan in relapsed or refractory MCL justifies their use in first-line therapy.

Objective: Assessment of toxicity and efficacy of R-DA-EPOCH/R-GIDIOX- and R-DA-EPOCH/R-HD-Met-Ara-C-regimens in primary MCL patients selected for autoSCT.

Patients and Methods: Since May 2008, 41 untreated MCL pts (median age: 54 years [29–64], M/F: 73%/27%, MIPIb: 29.3% low, 36.6% intermediate, 34.1% high risk) have been enrolled. After first R-EPOCH course (W. Wilson, 2003) completed, the patients were stratified according to toxicity emerged into 2 therapeutic groups: R-DA-EPOCH/R-HD-Met-AraC or R-DA-EPOCH/R-GIDIOX. In absence of grade 4 hematological toxicity for more than 3 days, serious infectious complications, or signs of renal failure, the pts received the R-HD-Met-Ara-C (R, 375 mg/m2 on Day 0; methotrexate, 1000 mg/m2 for 24 hours, Day 1; cytarabine, 3000 mg/m2 q 12 hrs on Days 2–3) regimen. When any of the above complications was present, the pts received the R-GIDIOX (R, 375 mg/m2 on Day 0; gemcitabine, 800 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 4; oxaliplatin, 120 mg/m2 on Day 2; irinotecan, 100 mg/m2 on Day 3; dexamethasone, 10 mg/m2 IV on Days 1–5; ifosfamide, 1000 mg/m2 on Days 1–5) regimen. Then, these regimens were reversed into either R-DA-EPOCH/R-HD-Met-Ara-C or R-DA-EPOCH/R-GIDIOX. Depending on the time until the complete response was achieved, pts received 6 to 8 therapeutic courses and autoSCT (BEAM-R) with in vivo purging using rituximab. Pts with residual tumor after autoSCT underwent local irradiation. R-maintenance was performed every 3 months for 3 years. Since Nov. 2011, all pts had received intrathecal CNS prophylaxis (including the patients who had undergone autoSCT during the year preceding Nov. 2011). The protocol was approved by the local ethics committee. Pts were analyzed using the intention-to-treat model. Toxicity assessment was performed for 124 R-DA-EPOCH, 87 R-HD-Met-Ara-C, and 51 R-GIDIOX courses.

Results: The median follow-up was 22 months (range 4–60). By April 2013, 35 patients had undergone autoSCT: 21 and 14 from R-HD-Met-Ara-C- and R-GIDIOX arm, respectively. One patient died from acute renal failure and septic shock at the induction stage after first HD-Met-AraC course. R-maintenance therapy was completed in 5 patients. In all patients who had received R-HD-Met-Ara-C, CR was achieved. In the R-GIDIOX arm, OR rate was 93%: 12 CR, 2 PR, and 1 case of disease progression after 5 courses. The most common non-hematological R-GIDIOX toxicity was related to the liver with elevated aminotransferases up to Grades 1–2 and 3–4 in 64.7% and 7.8% of cases, respectively, with no clinical manifestations. The sources of stem cells was PB in 27 out of 31 patients, and in 4 cases of harvest failure after 3 R-GIDIOX and 1 HD-Met-AraC BM was used. Hematological toxicity of R-GIDIOX course included grade 4 leukopenia in 74.5% (medium duration: 5 days, range: 1–13) and grade 4 thrombocytopenia in 39.2%. The estimated 5-years OS for the R-GIDIOX and R-HD-Met-AraC groups was 93 ± 7% and 79 ± 12%, respectively. The estimated 5-years EFS for the R-GIDIOX and R-HD-Met-AraC groups was 59 ± 19% and 74 ± 12%, respectively.

Conclusions: The HD-Met-Ara-C regimen is highly toxic, and it can be used only in 2/3 of patients under 65 years. The R-GIDIOX regimen is less toxic than HD-Met-Ara-C and equally effective with regard to the response induction and mobilizing necessary amount of autologous stem cells, so it can be recommended for the patients in whom Ara-C and methotrexate in high doses carry the high risk of life-threatening consequences.

Keywords: Mantle cell lymphoma, treatment, autoSCT, maintenance therapy.

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