methylation

Epigenetics in Oncohematology: Brief Review

REVIEWS , , , ,

AD Shirin, GI Kaletin, OYu Baranova

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Shirin Anton Dmitrievich, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: +7(499)324-28-24; e-mail: shirin-anton@mail.ru

For citation: Shirin AD, Kaletin GI, Baranova OYu. Epigenetics in Oncohematology: Brief Review. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(1):26–30 (In Russ).

ABSTRACT

Objective. To discuss historical aspects of epigenetics as an independent branch of biology, as well as to describe post-translational modifications of DNA and histones (PTMs) as epigenetic events.

Methods. Review of fundamentals of epigenetics in topical articles and abstracts: DNA methylation, histones acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation in the development of oncological disorders. The effect of so-called interfering RNA on epigenetic processes has drawn much attention in recent years. The RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to detect epigenetic regulators for the purpose of potential pharmacologic effect on tumor cells. The significance of small I-BET and JQ1 molecules in the antitumor response is considered. The role of BET proteins in hematologic malignancies is discussed separately.

Conclusions. At present, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (hypomethylating agents) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (which represent a brand new approach, an epigenetic therapy) are used for the treatment of hematopoietic neoplasms.

Keywords: epigenetics, RNA interference, BET proteins, methylation, deacetylation.

Received: December 2, 2014

Accepted: December 12, 2014

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