oncohematology

Cardio-oncology and Oncohematology: Examination Algorithms, Prophylactic and Treatment of Cardiotoxicity, Trends in Rehabilitation

AUTOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA ,

EI Emelina, GE Gendlin, IG Nikitin

NI Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997

For correspondence: Elena Ivanovna Emelina, MD, PhD, 1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997; Tel.: +7(916)412-59-78; e-mail: eei1210@mail.ru

For citation: Emelina EI, Gendlin GE, Nikitin IG. Cardio-oncology and Oncohematology: Examination Algorithms, Prophylactic and Treatment of Cardiotoxicity, Trends in Rehabilitation. Clinical oncohematology. 2021;14(2):239–61. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2021-14-2-239-261

ABSTRACT

Successful chemotherapy in the treatment of hematological diseases is determined not only by the efficacy of antitumor drugs, but by the timely correction of adverse events, among which especially important are cardiac complications associated with both already existing cardiovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity of cytostatic drugs. Of particular importance is also a frequent lack of systemic cardiological examination of oncohematological patients. The urgency of this issue was the reason for creating cardio-oncological clinics focused on the closest co-operation of cardiologists with drug chemotherapy experts. Hematological patients are a particular group among chemotherapy recipients. Potential curability of an oncohematological disease and achieving durable MRD-negative remission raise the importance of irreversible or long-term cardiac complications directly affecting the quality of life and life expectancy. Besides, in some cases long-term or life-long administration of certain cardiotoxic antitumor drugs requires a particular cardiological follow-up. A broad variety of cardiotoxic effects of antitumor drugs and peculiarities of their clinical manifestations call for the exact algorithms of cardiological examination to be observed for the timely detection and treatment of cardiovascular complications. The now available studies and interdisciplinary work of cardiologists and oncologists (oncohematologists) can yield such algorithms for examination and the approaches to prophylactic and treatment of cardiotoxicity as well as to rehabilitation of patients.

Keywords: oncohematology, cardio-oncology, cardiotoxicity, antitumor drugs, prophylactic of cardiac adverse events, cardio-oncological rehabilitation.

Received: November 19, 2020

Accepted: February 10, 2021

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Статистика Plumx английский

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Chromothripsis in Oncology: Literature Review and Case Report

MYELOID TUMORS , , ,

NN Mamaev1, TL Gindina1, EG Boichenko2

1 RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Transplantation; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022

2 Municipal Children’s Hospital No. 1, 14 Avangardnaya str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 198205

For correspondence: Tat’yana Leonidovna Gindina, PhD, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022; Tel: +7(812)233-12-43; e-mail: cytogenetics.bmt.lab@gmail.com

For citation: Mamaev NN, Gindina TL, Boichenko EG. Chromothripsis in Oncology: Literature Review and Case Report. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(2):191–205 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-2-191-205

ABSTRACT

The article presents a clinical case and literature review dwelling on the recently discovered chromothripsis phenomenon in oncology. Chromothripsis is a type of complex genome changes when a chromosome is first torn into dozens and even thousands of fragments, and then these fragments are bound in a random manner. Sometimes, several chromosomes are involved in the restructuring. As a result, genome mutant zones are formed which trigger malignancies and congenital diseases. In other words, the use of certain methodological approaches (multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, SKY technique, and some others) permits to observe under a microscope the splitting of two or more chromosomes and further reunification of these fragments into new unusual two- or multicolor structures, chromosomal markers. Chromothripsis is a rare phenomenon with a peculiar pattern observed in clones of cells of various tumors including hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies. There are published data on a higher incidence of this phenomenon in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and bone tumors. TP53 gene mutations play an important role in the development of chromothripsis. The use of paired-sequencing DNA or SNP approaches in oncology is promising both in theoretical and clinical application. The first subject cohort should include patients with TP53 and MLL gene mutations, complex chromosomal aberrations, EVI-1 gene overexpression, and some others. The article presents the chromothripsis phenomenon in an 8-month-old girl with M7 acute myeloid leukemia.

Keywords: chromothripsis, oncohematology, cancer, TP53 gene mutations.

Received: October 2, 2016

Accepted: January 6, 2017

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Recommendation for Sedation and General Anesthesia in Different Tests and Procedures in Pediatric Oncohematology

SURGERY IN ONCOHEMATOLOGY , ,

NV Matinyan, TT Valiev

NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Nune Vanunievna Matinyan, DSci, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel: +7(499)324-32-12; e-mail: n9031990633@yandex.ru

For citation: Matinyan NV, Valiev TT. Recommendation for Sedation and General Anesthesia in Different Tests and Procedures in Pediatric Oncohematology. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(1):108–12 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-1-108-112

ABSTRACT

Current anti-tumor chemotherapy programs for pediatric oncohematological disorders treatment imply diagnostic and therapeutic procedures under sedation. Based on the international and our own experience, this paper lists recommendations for the optimal anesthesia method for different manipulations in oncohematology.

Keywords: anesthesia, oncohematology, children.

Received: August 1, 2016

Accepted: December 12, 2016

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Modern Aspects of Diagnosis and Treatment of Complicated Forms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas of Small and Large Intestine

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , , ,

OA Malikhova, AO Tumanyan, VA Shalenkov, AG Malikhov, YuP Kuvshinov, GV Ungiadze

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Ol’ga Aleksandrovna Malikhova, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: +7(499)324-43-27; e-mail: malikhova@inbox.ru

For citation: Malikhova OA, Tumanyan AO, Shalenkov VA, et al. Modern Aspects of Diagnosis and Treatment of Complicated Forms of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas of Small and Large Intestine. Clinical oncohematology. 2015;8(2):129–35 (In Russ).

ABSTRACT

Background & Aims. Lymphomas constitute 5 to 10 % of gastrointestinal tumors and most of them are non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs). They constitute 30–45 % of all extranodal NHLs. Primary involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is observed in 2/3 of patients. The objective of this study is to determine clinical and morphological features and treatment outcomes of complicated forms of NHLs of the small and large intestine.

Methods. NHLs of the small and large intestine were studied in 189 patients treated in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center within the period of 1985–2010. Large intestine involvement was observed in 64 patients and small intestine involvement in 125 patients.

Results. Surgical interventions for ileus, bleeding or perforation of a hollow organ were performed in 92 patients with primary or secondary involvement of the small and large intestine (48.7 %). The intestine involvement was primary in 58.9 % of cases and secondary in 41.0 % of cases.

Conclusion. Complications of gastrointestinal NHLs deteriorate the overall survival rate. Patients with small or large intestine involvement require a special approach to diagnosis and treatment because of a high risk of surgical complications.

Keywords: lymphoma, small intestine, large intestine, oncohematology, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.

Received: January 30, 2014

Accepted: February 12, 2015

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REFERENCES

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Basic mechanisms of angiogenesis in hematological malignancies

REVIEWS , , ,

А.А. Vartanyan

N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Currently, the concept of VEGF-induced angiogenesis as a growth-limiting factor for solid tumors is generally accepted. Growing evidence indicates that the angiogenic growth factors also play an important role in the development and persistence of hematological malignancies. Neoplastic cells induce angiogenesis within the bone marrow through the secretion of soluble angiogenesis activators. VEGF is thought to be a major angiogenic factor involved in bone marrow vascularization. On the other hand, the increased VEGF secretion leads to the release of several soluble cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6, PlGF, HGF, IGF, and angiopoietins by the bone marrow microenvironment cells that promote survival and proliferation of malignant cells. The increased plasma VEGF level in the patients with hematological malignancies is considered the most important prognostic factor indicating an unfavorable outcome.

In this review, we discuss the autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of VEGF accumulation in the bone marrow, as well as the angiogenesis-related and -unrelated effects of VEGF. In conclusion, the potential of VEGF signaling inhibition in various hematological malignancies for therapy and its outcomes is discussed.

Keywords: oncohematology, bone marrow, angiogenesis, antiangiogenic therapy.

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