The Role of BAALC-Expressing Leukemia Precursor Cells in the Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

AUTOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA , ,

NN Mamaev, MV Latypova, AI Shakirova, TL Gindina, MM Kanunnikov, NYu Tsvetkov, IM Barkhatov, SN Bondarenko, MD Vladovskaya, EV Morozova

RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; IP Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022

For correspondence: Prof. Nikolai Nikolaevich Mamaev, MD, PhD, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022; e-mail: nikmamaev524@gmail.com

For citation: Mamaev NN, Latypova MV, Shakirova AI, et al. The Role of BAALC-Expressing Leukemia Precursor Cells in the Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Clinical oncohematology. 2022;15(1):62–8. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2022-15-1-62-68

ABSTRACT

The present paper provides evidence for a high detection rate of BAALC gene overexpression, also combined with WT1 gene overexpression, in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and FISH-verified chromosome defects. The BAALC and WT1 gene expression profiling in 16 MDS patients (6 out of them received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) showed an increased BAALC expression in 14 patients. The expression level in 2 patients was near the cut-off. Low expression levels were identified in a female patient with isolated 5q deletion in karyotype and also with its combination with complex karyotype. On the other hand, the highest expression levels were reported in patients with normal karyotype and 3q26 locus rearrangement, which was associated with EVI1 gene overexpression. Since the BAALC expression level, at least in patients with the major (except for М3 and М7) FAB-variants of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), was closely associated with BAALC-producing precursor cells of leukemia clone, a profound study of this phenomenon in MDS patients seems to be important for understanding the finest mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AML and AML relapses on the level of precursor cells.

Keywords: myelodysplastic syndromes, BAALC and WT1 genes, overexpression, post-transplantation relapses, BAALC-producing precursor cells, pathogenesis, prognosis.

Received: July 7, 2021

Accepted: November 4, 2021

Read in PDF

Статистика Plumx английский

REFERENCES

  1. Gadji M, Pozzo AR. From cellular morphology to molecular and epigenetic anomalies of myelodysplastic syndromes. Genes Chromos Cancer. 2019;58(7):474–83. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22689.
  2. Schanz J, Cevik N, Fonatsch C, et al. Detailed analysis of clonal evolution and cytogenetic evolution patterns in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and related myeloid disorders. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(3):28. doi: 10.1038/s41408-018-0061-z.
  3. Bersanelli M, Travaglino E, Meggendorfer M, et al. Classification and Personalized Prognostic Assessment on the Basis of Clinical and Genomic Features in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(11):1223–33. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01659.
  4. Papaemmanuil E, Gerstung M, Malcovati L, et al. Сlinical and biological implications of driver mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2013;122(22):3616–27. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-518886.
  5. Minetto P, Guolo F, Cavio M, et al. Combined assessment of WT1 and BAALC gene expression at diagnosis may improve leukemia-free survival prediction in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res. 2015;39(8):866–73. doi: 10.1016/leukres.2015/04/011.
  6. Мамаев Н.Н., Шакирова А.И., Бархатов И.М. и др. Ведущая роль BAALC-экспрессирующих клеток-предшественниц в возникновении и развитии посттрансплантационных рецидивов у больных острыми миелоидными лейкозами. Клиническая онкогематология. 2020;13(1):75–88. doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2020-13-1-75-88.
    [Mamaev NN, Shakirova AI, Barkhatov IM, et al. Crucial Role of BAALC–Expressing Progenitor Cells in Emergence and Development of Post-Transplantation Relapses in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clinical oncohematology. 2020;13(1):75–88. doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2020-13-1-75-88. (In Russ)]
  7. Mamaev NN, Shakirova AI, Barkhatov IM, et al. Crucial role of BAALC-expressing leukemic precursors in origin and development of posttransplant relapses in patients with acute myeloid leukemias. Int J Hematol. 2020;8(6):127–31. doi: 10.15406/htij.2020.08.00240.
  8. Mamaev NN, Shakirova AI, Barkhatov IM, et al. New opportunities for assay of leukemia initiating cells (LICs) participating in post-transplant relapse development in the patients with acute myeloid leukemia. 3rd Annual IACH Meeting, 1–3 October, 2020, Paris. Report #12.
  9. Mamaev NN, Shakirova AI, Gindina TL, et al. Quantitative study of BAALC- and WT1-expressing cell precursors in the patients with different cytogenetic and molecular AML variants treated with Gemtuzumab ozogamicin and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cell Ther Transplant. 2021;10(1):55–62. doi: 10.18620/ctt-1866-8836-2021-10-1-55-62.
  10. Thol F, Kade S, Schlarmann C, et al. Frequency and prognostic impact of mutations in SRSF2, U2AF1, and ZRSR2 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2012;119(15):3578–84. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-399337.
  11. Haferlach T, Nagata Y, Grossmann V, et al. Landscape of genetic lesions in 944 patients with myelodyspl astic sendromes. Leukemia. 2014;18(2):241–7. doi: 10.1038/leu.2013.336.
  12. Pauebelle E, Piesa A, Hayette S, et al. Efficacy of all-trans-retinoic acid in high risk acute myeloid leukemia with overexpression of EVI1. Oncol Ther. 2019;7(2):121–30. doi: 10.1007/s40487-019-0095-9.
  13. Field T, Perkins KJ, Huang Y, et al. 5-Azacitidine for myelodysplasia before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010;45(2):255–60. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2009.134.
  14. Мамаев Н.Н., Шакирова А.И., Морозова Е.В., Гиндина Т.Л. EVI1-позитивные лейкозы и миелодиспластические синдромы: теоретические и клинические аспекты (обзор литературы). Клиническая онкогематология. 2021;14(1):103–17. doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2021-14-1-103-117.
    [Mamaev NN, Shakirova AI, Morozova EV, Gindina TL. EVI1-Positive Leukemias and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects (Literature Review). Clinical oncohematology. 2021;14(1):103–17. doi: 10.21320/2500-2139-2021-14-1-103-117. (In Russ)]
  15. Geoffroy М-С, Esnault C, de The H. Retinoids in hematology: a timely revival? Blood. 2021;137(18):2429–37. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020010100.