LYMPHOID TUMORS

Effectiveness of the Initial Escalation of Immunochemotherapy in Patients with High Risk MALT-Lymphoma: Pilot Study Results

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , , , ,

AK Smol’yaninova, NG Gabeeva, SA Tatarnikova, AV Belyaeva, AM Kovrigina, EG Gemdzhyan, EE Zvonkov

National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Anna Konstantinovna Smol’yaninova, MD, PhD, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167; Tel.: +7(495)612-48-10; e-mail: annmo8@mail.ru.

For citation: Smol’yaninova AK, Gabeeva NG, Tatarnikova SA, et al. Effectiveness of the Initial Escalation of Immunochemotherapy in Patients with High Risk MALT-Lymphoma: Pilot Study Results. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(4):338–48.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-4-338-348

ABSTRACT

Background. MALT-lymphoma is usually characterized with an indolent course. The factors underlying the effectiveness of the standard chemotherapy in patients with MALT-lymphomas include MALT-IPI risk group and a high SUVmax according to the results of positron emission tomography (PET). All well-known MALT-lymphoma risk factors indirectly indicate a high risk of transformation to large cell lymphoma. The search for an effective chemotherapy continues.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the R-EPOCH/R-BAC escalated immunochemotherapy for MALT-lymphoma patients with poor prognosis factors.

Materials & Methods. In the period of 2016–2017 the study included 5 female MALT-lymphoma patients (the mean age of 41 years), of which 1 patient had an early relapse after surgery and 4 patients were newly diagnosed. Prior to therapy 4 patients were evaluated with PET. The mean SUVmax was 10.04. According to MALT-IPI 2 patients belonged to a high-risk group and 3 belonged to a middle-risk group. All the patients received R-EPOCH/R-BAC regimen therapy. A month after completing the treatment all the patients were again evaluated with PET.

Results. In 4 patients with 10–24 months follow-up complete remission was reported, which was confirmed by the results of histology and PET. The treatment of 1 patient was not completed. The immunotherapy was well tolerated by the patients. Hematological toxicity grade 3–4 occurred only after completing R-BAC treatment regimens. No severe infectious complications were reported.

Conclusion. MALT-lymphoma patients need to be evaluated in terms of all prognostic factors to identify the high-risk patients for whom escalated therapy is to be used already in the first line treatment. This pilot study of the use of R-EPOCH/R-BAC for treatment of MALT-lymphoma patients with poor prognosis factors yielded positive results and showed its acceptable tolerance.

Keywords: MALT-lymphoma, immunochemotherapy, positron emission tomography, prognosis factors, rituximab, ribomustin, cytarabine.

Received: April 10, 2018

Accepted: August 3, 2018

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EBV-Positive Lymphoproliferative Diseases: A New Concept and Differential Diagnosis (Literature Review and Case Reports)

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , , , , , , ,

АM Kovrigina

National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Professor Alla Mikhailovna Kovrigina, PhD in Biology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167; e-mail: kovrigina.alla@gmail.com

For citation: Kovrigina AM. EBV-Positive Lymphoproliferative Diseases: A New Concept and Differential Diagnosis (Literature Review and Case Reports). Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(4):326–37.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-4-326-337

ABSTRACT

In recent years increasing attention focuses on the concept of EBV-positive lymphoproliferative diseases related to primary or secondary immunodeficiency resulting from immunosuppressive therapy and persistent infections. Due to the progress of treatment methods in oncohematology and oncology this pathology also occurs as a delayed event when new surgical and therapeutic approaches are applied. The paper presents proof for the pathogenetic significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathology under consideration with its various clinical manifestations and describes the evolution of knowledge on posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders with their morphological classification underlying EBV+ lymphoproliferative diseases. The WHO Classification of Tumours of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues revised in 2017 includes new forms of EBV+ lymphoproliferative diseases (mucocutaneous ulcer, T- and NK-cell childhood lymphoproliferative disorders including cutaneous and systemic forms of chronic active EBV infection) and EBV+ large B-cell lymphomas (unspecified and fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas). The paper summarizes major characteristics of these diseases and exemplifies them by the author’s own experience.

Keywords: B-, T-, NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), immunodeficiency, immune imbalance, immunosuppression, morphology, diagnosis.

Received: July 20, 2018

Accepted: September 25, 2018

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  18. Roberts TK, Chen X, Liao JJ. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Exp Hematol Oncol. 2016;5(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40164-016-0042-5.

  19. Dojcinov SD, Venkataraman G, Raffeld M, et al. EBV positive mucocutaneous ulcer–a study of 26 cases associated with various sources of immunosuppression. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(3):405–17. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181cf8622.

  20. Docinov SD, Venkataraman G, Pittaluga S, et al. Age-related EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in the Western population: a spectrum of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma. Blood. 2011;117(8):4726–35. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-323238.

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Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Diagnostics of Extramediastinal Lesions and Treatment Opportunities

LYMPHOID TUMORS , ,

YaK Mangasarova, AU Magomedova, AM Kovrigina, IE Kostina, ES Nesterova, LG Gorenkova, AE Misyurina, OV Margolin, SK Kravchenko

National Medical Hematology Research Center, 4a Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Yana Konstantinovna Mangasarova, MD, PhD, 4a Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167; e-mail: v.k.jana@mail.ru.

For citation: Mangasarova YaK, Magomedova AU, Kovrigina AM, et al. Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Diagnostics of Extramediastinal Lesions and Treatment Opportunities. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(3):220–26.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-3-220-226

ABSTRACT

Background. Current diagnostic methods and the introduction of molecular investigations into clinical practice allow to improve the understanding of classical primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL).

Aim. To investigate clinical characteristics of PMBCL patients with extramediastinal lesions.

Materials & Methods. The study was performed from 2007 to 2017 in the National Medical Hematology Research Center and included 157 PMBCL patients. The data of 16 (10.2 %; 4 men and 12 women) patients with extramediastinal lesions were analyzed; the median age was 27 years (range 23–69).

Results. The extramediastinal lesions were found in pancreas (6; 37.5 %), kidneys (5; 31.2 %), ovaries (3; 18.7 %), liver (3; 18.7 %), bone marrow (3; 18.7 %), and breasts (2; 12 %); the lesions in stomach, bones, soft tissues, spleen, adrenals, and small pelvis were observed each in a single case. In 15 of 16 cases extramediastinal lesions were accompanied by involvement of superior mediastinum, and only 1 patient had an isolated lesion in thoracic soft tissues without mediastinal involvement. The samples of 8 out of 16 patients were analyzed using PCR. In all samples overexpression of 2 or more genes (JAK2, TRAF1, MAL, PDL1, PDL2) was determined which allowed to confirm, and in some cases to revise the diagnosis of PMBCL. Overall 5-year survival (93 %) of patients with classical PMBCL with thoracic involvement was similar to the cohort with extramediastinal lesions. All unfavourable events (progression/relapse) were identified at an early stage, i.e. within a year after the completion of therapy.

Conclusion. PMBCL patients can have not only superior mediastinum involvement, but extramediastinal lesions as well, including bone marrow. The spreading of the disease beyond superior mediastinum should be differentiated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using standard evaluation methods, and molecular analysis in some cases.

Keywords: primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma, extramediastinal lesions, bone marrow involvement.

Received: January 22, 2018

Accepted: April 15, 2018

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REFERENCES

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    [Mangasarova YaK, Misyurin AV, Magomedova AU, et al. Molecular diagnostics of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with primary involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes. Klinicheskaya onkogematologiya. 2011;4(2):142–5. (In Russ)]
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    [Magomedova AU, Fastova EA, Kovrigina AM, et al. Bone marrow involvement in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2017;89(7):65–8. doi: 17116/terarkh201789765-68. (In Russ)]

Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prognosis Assessment and Monitoring of the Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

LYMPHOID TUMORS , ,

MA Katin1, IV Zhil’tsov1, VM Semenov1, DK Novik2

1 Vitebsk State Medical University, 27 Frunze pr-t, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus, 210023

2 Republican Applied Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, 290 Il’icha str., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, 246040

For correspondence: Prof. Ivan Viktorovich Zhil’tsov, MD, PhD, 27 Frunze pr-t, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus, 210023; Tel.: +375(29)7104368-93-29; e-mail: zhyltsou@tut.by

For citation: Katin NA, Zhil’tsov IV, Semenov VM, Novik DK. Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prognosis Assessment and Monitoring of the Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):182–6.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-182-186

ABSTRACT

The review provides the analysis of 34 papers on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a method of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection in biological material of patients with EBV-associated cancer diseases including Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). A comparative analysis of different methods of EBV DNA detection in biological material is presented. EBV is associated with HL in 20 to 100 % of cases depending on a geographic region and HIV status. EBV-associated HLs are characterized by latency type II. EBV is found in all the atypical cells and can be detected in blood of EBV-associated HL patients by means of the PCR method. The review includes the results of studies on EBV detection using the PCR method compared to in situ methods of hybridization and immunohistochemistry in various EBV-associated cancer diseases including HL. The obtained data indicate that PCR can be used for quantitative determination of EBV DNA in blood plasma of HL patients for therapeutic efficacy monitoring and prognosis assessment of disease and relapses. Quantitative determination of EBV DNA in blood plasma of HL patients using the real time PCR method is a promising technique. Its further practical application requires standardization of the method, larger trials, and comparison to positron emission tomography.

Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, polymerase chain reaction.

Received: December 20, 2017

Accepted: February 28, 2018

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REFERENCES

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Evolution of Anti-Cancer Treatment and its Impact on Surrogate Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , ,

AS Luchinin1, SV Semochkin2, NV Minaeva1, NM Pozdeev1, IV Paramonov1

1 Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 72 Krasnoarmeiskaya str., Kirov, Russian Federation, 610027

2 NI Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997

For correspondence: Aleksandr Sergeevich Luchinin, 72 Krasnoarmeiskaya str., Kirov, Russian Federation, 610027; Tel.: +7(919)506-87-86; e-mail: glivec@mail.ru

For citation: Luchinin AS, Semochkin SV, Minaeva NV, et al. Evolution of Anti-Cancer Treatment and its Impact on Surrogate Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):175–81.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-175-181

ABSTRACT

Aim. To assess prognostic value of surrogate clinical and laboratory markers in current therapy of multiple myeloma (MM).

Materials & Methods. The analysis included 567 patients (215 men and 352 women), the Kirov region inhabitants with newly diagnosed MM over the period from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2016. The median age was 64 years (range 29–90). Patients were divided into two groups: the first group received treatment from 1994 to 2005 (n = 269), the second group received treatment from 2006 to 2016 (n = 298). Impact of factors on overall survival (OS) was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis using the Cox method.

Results. Over the period from 2006 to 2016 the number of patients treated with traditional chemotherapy decreased from 78.4 to 32.5 %. At the same time the number of patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens increased from 1.9 to 56.3 % and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) protocols — from 1.4 to 14.0 %. Median OS over the period from 1994 to 2005 was 27 months. It increased to 55 months in the period of 2006–2016. In the reference decades 5-year overall survival increased from 21 % (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 17–27 %) to 47 % (95% CI 39–55 %), respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51; 95% CI 0.41–0.64; p < 0,0001). In patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens over the period from 2006 to 2016 median OS increased to 73 months compared to 27 months in 1994–2005. In patients aged ≤ 65 years and treated with auto-HSCT median OS was not reached, and median OS in patients without auto-HSCT treatment was 54 months.

Conclusions. Surrogate prognostic markers, such as the age over 65, hemoglobin level < 100 g/L, β2-microglobulin ≥ 6 mg/L, serum creatinine ≥ 177 µmol/L and stage III according to ISS and Durie-Salmon, are unfavourable predictors of survival of MM patients.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, prognosis, bortezomib, auto-HSCT, overall survival.

Received: December 21, 2017

Accepted: February 25, 2018

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REFERENCES

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Minimal Residual Disease and IGHV-Genes Mutational Status as the Main Predictors of Response to Bendamustine-Rituximab Therapy in Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , , , , ,

YuV Mirolyubova, EA Stadnik, VV Strugov, TO Andreeva, TS Nikulina, YuV Virts, PA Butylin, AG Rumyantsev, AYu Zaritskey

VA Almazov National Medical Research Center, 2 Akkuratova str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341

For correspondence: Yuliya Vladimirovna Mirolyubova, 2 Akkuratova str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341; e-mail: juli9702@yandex.ru

For citation: Mirolyubova YuV, Stadnik EA, Strugov VV, et al. Minimal Residual Disease and IGHV-Genes Mutational Status as the Main Predictors of Response to Bendamustine-Rituximab Therapy in Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):167–74.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-167-174

ABSTRACT

Background. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) the eradication of minimal residual disease (MRD) is a prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). IGHV mutational status has also independent prognostic value.

Aim. To analyse the impact of mutational status and MRD eradication in CLL patients after first-line standard BR (bendamustine + rituximab) immunochemotherapy.

Materials & Methods. The prospective study included patients with immunophenotypically confirmed CLL who had not previously received anticancer therapy. All patients were treated by BR combination from 2012 to 2015. MRD level was determined in 109 patients after completing the 3rd and the 6th treatment courses. IGHV mutational status data were available for 98 patients. IGHV mutational status was evaluated in accordance with ERIC recommendations. MRD was assessed by standardized method of 4-color flow cytometry.

Results. MRD negativity was achieved in 37 (34 %) out of 109 patients. MRD eradication correlated with the best PFS (p = 0.04). IGHV mutational status had a statistically significant impact on PFS (p = 0.02). In patients with MRD-negative response and IGHV mutation no unfavorable events occurred during the period of monitoring. Conversely, PFS rates in MRD-negative patients having no IGHV mutation and in MRD-positive patients with mutation were significantly worse. MRD eradication resulted in statistically significant improvement of PFS rates after completing 3 treatment courses, compared with the cases with MRD persistence regardless of residual malignant clone level (p = 0.01).

Conclusion. BR therapy as first-line treatment statistically improved PFS in patients who achieved MRD-negative remission after completing the 3rd treatment course. PFS was significantly higher in MRD-negative patients with IGHV mutation after 6 treatment courses. MRD negativity resulting from 6 BR therapies in patients having no IGHV mutation was not accompanied by PFS improvement. It follows that by itself MRD negativity cannot be considered to be a universal prognostic factor.

Keywords: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, minimal residual disease, bendamustine, rituximab, BR, IGHV, mutational status.

Received: December 29, 2017

Accepted: February 27, 2018

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Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , , ,

VE Gurtsevitch, EA Demina, NB Senyuta, IV Botezatu, KV Smirnova, TE Dushen’kina, DM Maksimovich, UV Paramonova, IS Monin, AV Lichtenshtein

NN Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478

For correspondence: Prof. Vladimir Eduardovich Gurtsevitch, MD, PhD, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow, Russian Federation, 115478; Tel.: 8(499)324-25-64; e-mail: gurtsevitch-vlad-88@yandex.ru

For citation: Gurtsevitch VE, Demina EA, Senyuta NB, et al. Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):160–6.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-160-166

ABSTRACT

Background. A close relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) has been established in approximately 1/3 patients. EBV-positive lymphomas are characterized by increased level of EBV specific antibodies emerging long before tumor symptoms, аs well as a high plasma EBV DNA concentration. These viral markers normally correlate with clinical manifestations and the outcome of treatment performed. In patients with EBV-negative lymphomas, however, there has been no attempt to assess the clinical significance of either humoral response to EBV or EBV DNA concentration in plasma.

Aim. To evaluate diagnostic and prognostic significance of EBV markers in patients with EBV-negative lymphomas.

Methods. The clinical trial included 13 cHL-patients admitted at the Department of chemotherapy of hemoblastoses of NN Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center. The male to female ratio was 1:1.3, the median age was 26.4 years. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were evaluated in all the patients before, during, and after treatment as well as throughout the follow-up period. The same indicators were analysed in the control group which contained 40 healthy persons (with the median age of 41.1 years, male to female ratio 1.5:1). The study was based on serologic test for EBV antibodies and quantitative analysis of the viral DNA copy number in plasma.

Results. The obtained data show a low immunie response to EBV and its diminishment after several polychemotherapy treatment cycles, correlating with decreased leukocyte and lymphocyte levels. As opposed to levels of virus-specific antibodies which do not reflect the efficacy of anticancer therapy, plasma EBV DNA concentration in 2 patients decreased to 0 after remission had been achieved.

Conclusion. Although the number of observations is limited, one could suggest that viral load values in plasma of patients with EBV-negative lymphomas can prove to be a useful marker of anticancer therapeutic effect. Additional studies of these markers are required.

Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, EBV DNA, EBV-negative classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, level of virus-specific antibodies.

Received: November 13, 2017

Accepted: February 8, 2018

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First-Line Treatment of Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Analysis of Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , , ,

KD Kaplanov1, NP Volkov1, TYu Klitochenko1, AL Shipaeva1, IV Matveeva1, MN Shirokova1, AC Proskurina1, NA Red’kina1, EG Gemdzhyan2

1 Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncologic Centre, 78 Zemlyachki str., Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400138

2 National Medical Hematology Research Center, 4а Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Kamil’ Daniyalovich Kaplanov, MD, PhD, 78 Zemlyachki str., Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400138; e-mail: kamilos@mail.ru

For citation: Kaplanov KD, Volkov NP, Klitochenko TYu, et al. First-Line Treatment of Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Analysis of Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(2):150–9.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-2-150-159

ABSTRACT

Aim. To study the correlation between efficacy of mantle-cell lymphoma treatment in clinical practice and failure of first-line therapy and direct expenses depending on the first-line therapy selection.

Methods. During the period from 2008 to 2016 a comparative single-center controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC (n = 16) regimen. The control group included patients treated with 6–8 cycles of R-CHOP (n = 39). Cytarabine dose was lower than the original regimen and contained not more than 1 g/m2 twice a day for 2 days. R-hyper-CVAD regimen included the standard drug doses. R-HD-AraC treatment started on day 28 from the beginning of the R-hyper-CVAD therapy. The R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC group consisted of patients with the following characteristics: the median age was 56 years (range 40–66), older than 60 — 6 (38 %), male patients — 12 (75 %), stage IV — 12 (75 %), bulky — 7 (44 %), with bone marrow involved — 11 (69 %), MIPIb high-risk — 8 (50 %), blastoid variant — 7 (44 %). Only 2 patients of the R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC group received high-dose consolidation treatment with autologous HSC transplantation. HSCT was not performed in the control group. The results of comparative analysis were adjusted to age. In terms of the other significant factors the groups under comparison were similar.

Results. All the patients of the study group were treated with 3 R-hyper-CVAD and 3 R-HD-AraC regimens. The rate of complete remission was significantly higher than in the control group —12 (75 %) vs. 14 (36 %). No differences were observed in the 5-year overall survival: 55 % in the R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC group and 58 % in the R-CHOP group (p = 0.75). Second-line therapy was received by 8 out of 15 (47 %) patients treated with R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC, and by 18 out of 23 (78 %) patients treated with R-CHOP. Median time before second-line therapy was significantly higher in the R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC group — 26 vs. 6 months (p = 0.018). The costs of the first and subsequent therapy lines were analysed using a Markov model. Cost analysis of first-line therapy variants to be compared was based on cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The analysis proved the cost-effectiveness of R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC program.

Conclusion. R-hyper-CVAD-R-HD-AraC program meets eligibility criteria for effectiveness, toxicity and cost-effectiveness and can, therefore, be recommended as first-line therapy of mantle-cell lymphoma and be used for the further comparative clinical trials.

Keywords: mantle-cell lymphoma, immunochemotherapy, pharmacoeconomics, Markov model, cost-effectiveness analysis.

Received: January 7, 2018

Accepted: March 3, 2018

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Conventional and Conformal Radiotherapy with and without Beam Intensity Modulation in Patients with Stage II Hodgkin’s Lymphoma with Supradiaphragmal Lesions

LYMPHOID TUMORS , , ,

YuN Vinogradova1, EI Ivanova1, AI Chumachenko1, EV Smirnova2, GI Andreev2, AM Kalesnik2, NA Vorob’ev2, NV Il’in1

1 AM Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgery Technologies, 70 Leningradskaya str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197758

2 Nuclear Medicine Centre of SM Berezin International Institute of Biological Systems, 43 Karl Marx str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197758

For correspondence: Nikolai Vasil’evich Il’in, PhD, Professor, 70 Leningradskaya str., Pesochnyi, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197758; Tel.: +7(812)596-90-35; e-mail: ilyin_prof@mail.ru.

For citation: Vinogradova YuN, Ivanova EI, Chumachenko AI, et al. Conventional and Conformal Radiotherapy with and without Beam Intensity Modulation in Patients with Stage II Hodgkin’s Lymphoma with Supradiaphragmal Lesions. Clinical oncohematology. 2018;11(1):70-7.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2018-11-1-70-77

ABSTRACT

Aim. To increase the efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with stage II Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) with supradiaphragmal lesions by different fractionation (conventional fractionation [CF] and multi-fractionation [MF]) and various radiation volume (mantle radiotherapy, involved field radiotherapy [IFRT] or involved site radiotherapy [ISRT]).

Materials & Methods. The clinical trial included 317 patients with stage II classical HL with supradiaphragmal lesions who have received chemo-radiotherapy in AM Granov Russian Scientific Centre of Radiology and Surgery Technologies from 1986 to 2015 (n = 301) and in SM Berezin International Institute of Biological Systems from 2014 to 2016 (n = 16). The mean age was 30.9 years (range 18–65); the study group included 107 men and 210 women. The diagnosis in all the cases was confirmed by immunomorphologic analysis. The treatment program included 2 to 6 cycles of ABVD regimen followed by CF (n = 153) or MF (n = 148) radiation therapy. The patients received mantle radiotherapy or IFRT with the cumulative dose of 30 to 40 Gy (2D planning, 237 patients) or ISRT with the cumulative dose of 30 to 40 Gy (3D planning, n = 80, CF only). The MF-regimen was administered only with 2D planning, mantle radiotherapy and IFRT. The CF-regimen was administered with 2D-planning (n = 89) with the same volume of radiation and 3D planning using conformal RT (3D-CRT) as ISRT with the cumulative dose of 30 to 36 Gy (n = 80). From the total of 80 patients 16 patients were treated with beam intensity modulation (IMRT) and 64 patients were treated without IMRT.

Results. The treatment response (both complete and partial remission) was reported in 235 (99.2 %) of 237 patients of 2D planning group. In 2 cases (0.8 %) a progression of disease was diagnosed. Out of 235 patients with remission 222 (94.5 %) had a complete remission and 13 (5.5 %) had a partial remission. Within the group treated with the conventional RT 19 (8.1 %) patients had recurrent disease. Overall 5- and 10-year survival (OS) was equal and accounted for 98.0 ± 1.4 %, the disease-free survival (DFS) was also equal between groups and accounted for 85.9 ± 1.3 %. The rate of 5- and 10-year OS in patients who received CF was 97.8 ± 1.7 %; the DFS rate for the same period was 85.0 ± 1.5 % with standard fractionation and 86.2 ± 1.6 % with MF (p > 0.1). The total number of local radiation reactions and the number of radiation pulmonitis were significantly smaller with the exposure twice daily compared to CF at 2D planning and mantle irradiation. Decreasing the radiation volume from the mantle type to IFRT was shown to reduce the incidence of pulmonitis. The incidence of esophagitis remained the same with different fractionation and the irradiation volumes specified above. The results of the analysis proved the total absence of radiation pericarditis with both types of conformal RT with or without IMRT. No pulmonitis cases were observed with IMRT; the use of 3D-CRT and 2D-RT significantly increased the incidence of pulmonitis. The incidence of esophagitis within the CRT-group (n = 80) was 2 times lower compared to the conventional RT (22.5 % and 43.9 %; p < 0.01).

Conclusion. The innovative technologies of radiation therapy allowed to reduce the incidence of early local radiation reactions. These technologies will be the basis for preventing severe late radiation complications that reduce the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with HL.

Keywords: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, radiotherapy, fractionation, 2D and 3D planning.

Received: September 16, 2017

Accepted: December 5, 2017

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